TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cekić, Bogdan
AU  - Božičković, Aleksa
AU  - Ružić-Muslić, Dragana
AU  - Marković, Jordan
AU  - Maksimović, Nevena
AU  - Nikšić, Dragan
AU  - Stanisavljević, Nemanja
PY  - 2022-03
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/784
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chestnut tannins in metabolizable
protein deficiency, on dry matter (DM) intake, growth performance of finishing lambs,
feed efficiency and digestibility of nutrients. The study included 30 crossbred lambs,
blocked by body weight (BW) and divided into three groups, depending on the concentrations of added chestnut tannins in the rations (0, 10 and 20 g/kg DM for CON, 10T and
20T group, respectively). Rations were determined by BW and expected average daily
gain (ADG), with a deficiency in metabolizable protein of about 15%. All groups received
the same amount of daily feed. Dry matter intake, ADG and indicators of efficiency such
as the Kleiber ratio (KR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were estimated. The digestibility of the rations was determined in three collection periods. Dry matter intake did not differ among groups. Growth performances for the whole experiment were significantly better for the 20T group than CON (p < 0.05), while no differences were established for
group 10T. Group 20T achieved the highest ADG and total gain (228 g/day ± 27.8; 13.7 kg
± 1.7), with the best average conversion of dry matter (4.4 kg DM/kg BW), KR (15.6), and
PER (1.6). In all three collections, dry matter and crude protein digestibility was higher
for CON, while the digestibility of ether extract was higher for the 20T group than CON.
Based on these results, it can be concluded that a ration of chestnut tannins in the concentration of 20 g/kg DM, in conditions of protein deficiency, can have a positive effect on
lamb performances. This can be partially explained by the ability of tannins to form complexes with proteins, which can change intestinal protein flow and utilization.
AB  - Das Ziel dieser Studie war, die Wirkungen von Kastanien-Tanninen in Rationen mit
unzureichender Versorgung mit metabolisierbarem Protein auf die Aufnahme von
Trockenmasse (DM), die Wachstumsleistung von Mastlämmern, den Futteraufwand und die Verdaulichkeit von Nährstoffen zu untersuchen. Die Studie umfasste 30 Kreuzungslämmer, die durch das Körpergewicht (BW) und die Konzentrationen von zugesetzten
Kastanien-Tanninen in der Nahrung (0, 10 und 20 g/kg DM für die Kontrolle, 10T- bzw.
20T-Gruppe) in drei Gruppen unterteilt wurden. Die Rationen wurden durch das Körpergewicht (BW) und die erwartete durchschnittliche tägliche Zunahme (ADG) mit einem
Mangel an metabolisierbarem Protein von etwa 15% definiert. Alle Gruppen erhielten
die gleichen Futtermengen. Die DM-Aufnahmen, ADG-Werte, und Verwertungsgrößen
wie das Kleiber-Verhältnis (KR) und das Protein-Effizienz-Verhältnis (PER) wurden
geschätzt. Die scheinbare Verdaulichkeit wurde in drei Sammelperioden ermittelt. Die
DM-Aufnahme unterschied sich nicht zwischen den Gruppen. Die Wachstumsleistungen
für das gesamte Experiment waren für die 20T-Gruppe signifikant besser als für die
Kontrollgruppe (p < 0,05), während für die 10T-Gruppe keine Unterschiede festgestellt
wurden. Gruppe 20T erreichte den höchsten ADG und Gesamtzuwachs (228 g/Tag
± 27,8; 13,7 kg ± 1,7) mit der besten durchschnittlichen Umwandlung von Trockenmasse
(4,4 kg DM/kg BW) und den günstigsten Werten für KR (15,6) und PER (1,6). In allen
drei Sammelperioden war die Verdaulichkeit von DM und Rohprotein bei der Kontrolle
höher, während die Verdaulichkeit des Rohfetts bei der 20T-Gruppe höher war als bei der
Kontrolle. Aus den Ergebnissen kann geschlossen werden, dass Kastanientannine in
einer Konzentration von 20 g/kg DM Futter bei Proteinmangel einen positiven Effekt auf
die Leistung von Mastlämmern haben können. Dies kann teilweise durch die Fähigkeit
von Tanninen erklärt werden, Komplexe mit Proteinen zu bilden, die den Proteinfluss
durch den Verdauungstrakt und seine Verwertung verändern können.
T2  - Züchtungskunde
T1  - The effect of supplementing chestnut tannins on the productive results of finishing lambs fed rations deficient in metabolizable protein
VL  - 94
IS  - 2
SP  - 137
EP  - 149
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_784
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Cekić, Bogdan and Božičković, Aleksa and Ružić-Muslić, Dragana and Marković, Jordan and Maksimović, Nevena and Nikšić, Dragan and Stanisavljević, Nemanja",
year = "2022-03",
abstract = "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chestnut tannins in metabolizable
protein deficiency, on dry matter (DM) intake, growth performance of finishing lambs,
feed efficiency and digestibility of nutrients. The study included 30 crossbred lambs,
blocked by body weight (BW) and divided into three groups, depending on the concentrations of added chestnut tannins in the rations (0, 10 and 20 g/kg DM for CON, 10T and
20T group, respectively). Rations were determined by BW and expected average daily
gain (ADG), with a deficiency in metabolizable protein of about 15%. All groups received
the same amount of daily feed. Dry matter intake, ADG and indicators of efficiency such
as the Kleiber ratio (KR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were estimated. The digestibility of the rations was determined in three collection periods. Dry matter intake did not differ among groups. Growth performances for the whole experiment were significantly better for the 20T group than CON (p < 0.05), while no differences were established for
group 10T. Group 20T achieved the highest ADG and total gain (228 g/day ± 27.8; 13.7 kg
± 1.7), with the best average conversion of dry matter (4.4 kg DM/kg BW), KR (15.6), and
PER (1.6). In all three collections, dry matter and crude protein digestibility was higher
for CON, while the digestibility of ether extract was higher for the 20T group than CON.
Based on these results, it can be concluded that a ration of chestnut tannins in the concentration of 20 g/kg DM, in conditions of protein deficiency, can have a positive effect on
lamb performances. This can be partially explained by the ability of tannins to form complexes with proteins, which can change intestinal protein flow and utilization., Das Ziel dieser Studie war, die Wirkungen von Kastanien-Tanninen in Rationen mit
unzureichender Versorgung mit metabolisierbarem Protein auf die Aufnahme von
Trockenmasse (DM), die Wachstumsleistung von Mastlämmern, den Futteraufwand und die Verdaulichkeit von Nährstoffen zu untersuchen. Die Studie umfasste 30 Kreuzungslämmer, die durch das Körpergewicht (BW) und die Konzentrationen von zugesetzten
Kastanien-Tanninen in der Nahrung (0, 10 und 20 g/kg DM für die Kontrolle, 10T- bzw.
20T-Gruppe) in drei Gruppen unterteilt wurden. Die Rationen wurden durch das Körpergewicht (BW) und die erwartete durchschnittliche tägliche Zunahme (ADG) mit einem
Mangel an metabolisierbarem Protein von etwa 15% definiert. Alle Gruppen erhielten
die gleichen Futtermengen. Die DM-Aufnahmen, ADG-Werte, und Verwertungsgrößen
wie das Kleiber-Verhältnis (KR) und das Protein-Effizienz-Verhältnis (PER) wurden
geschätzt. Die scheinbare Verdaulichkeit wurde in drei Sammelperioden ermittelt. Die
DM-Aufnahme unterschied sich nicht zwischen den Gruppen. Die Wachstumsleistungen
für das gesamte Experiment waren für die 20T-Gruppe signifikant besser als für die
Kontrollgruppe (p < 0,05), während für die 10T-Gruppe keine Unterschiede festgestellt
wurden. Gruppe 20T erreichte den höchsten ADG und Gesamtzuwachs (228 g/Tag
± 27,8; 13,7 kg ± 1,7) mit der besten durchschnittlichen Umwandlung von Trockenmasse
(4,4 kg DM/kg BW) und den günstigsten Werten für KR (15,6) und PER (1,6). In allen
drei Sammelperioden war die Verdaulichkeit von DM und Rohprotein bei der Kontrolle
höher, während die Verdaulichkeit des Rohfetts bei der 20T-Gruppe höher war als bei der
Kontrolle. Aus den Ergebnissen kann geschlossen werden, dass Kastanientannine in
einer Konzentration von 20 g/kg DM Futter bei Proteinmangel einen positiven Effekt auf
die Leistung von Mastlämmern haben können. Dies kann teilweise durch die Fähigkeit
von Tanninen erklärt werden, Komplexe mit Proteinen zu bilden, die den Proteinfluss
durch den Verdauungstrakt und seine Verwertung verändern können.",
journal = "Züchtungskunde",
title = "The effect of supplementing chestnut tannins on the productive results of finishing lambs fed rations deficient in metabolizable protein",
volume = "94",
number = "2",
pages = "137-149",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_784"
}

Cekić, B., Božičković, A., Ružić-Muslić, D., Marković, J., Maksimović, N., Nikšić, D.,& Stanisavljević, N.. (2022-03). The effect of supplementing chestnut tannins on the productive results of finishing lambs fed rations deficient in metabolizable protein. in Züchtungskunde, 94(2), 137-149.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_784

Cekić B, Božičković A, Ružić-Muslić D, Marković J, Maksimović N, Nikšić D, Stanisavljević N. The effect of supplementing chestnut tannins on the productive results of finishing lambs fed rations deficient in metabolizable protein. in Züchtungskunde. 2022;94(2):137-149.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_784 .

Cekić, Bogdan, Božičković, Aleksa, Ružić-Muslić, Dragana, Marković, Jordan, Maksimović, Nevena, Nikšić, Dragan, Stanisavljević, Nemanja, "The effect of supplementing chestnut tannins on the productive results of finishing lambs fed rations deficient in metabolizable protein" in Züchtungskunde, 94, no. 2 (2022-03):137-149,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_784 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Cekić, Bogdan
AU  - Božičković, Aleksa
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Ružić-Muslić, Dragana
AU  - Stojiljković, Nenad
AU  - Mićić, Nenad
AU  - Maksimović, Nevena
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/613
AB  - Tanini predstavljaju heterogenu grupu polifenolnih jedinjenja koji se odlikuju sposobnošću taloženja proteina, polisaharida i minerala. To su fenolna sekundarna jedinjenja biljaka koja se većinom (preko 80%)  nalaze u drvenastim višegodišnjim dikotiledonim biljkama i manjim delom (oko 15%) u jednogodišnjim i zeljastim višegodišnjim dikotiledonim biljkama, ali su prisutni i u hranivima, ljudskoj hrani i nekim pićima (vinu na primer) i predstavljaju četvrtu najbrojniju grupu jedinjenja u vezikularnom tkivu, posle celuloze, hemiceluloze i lignina.  Tanini se sastoje od 12 do 16 fenolnih grupa i 5-7 aromatičnih prstenova. Nalaze se u gotovo svim delovima biljke: u semenu, plodu, listu, stablu, kori i korenu, i njihova primarna funkcija je zaštita biljke protiv patogena, insekata, štetočina i biljojeda. Iako postoji nekoliko klasifikacija, glavna podela tanina je na kondenzovane i tanine podložne hidrolizi. Tanini se odlikuju astrigentnošću, oporim ukusom i dugo su smatrani isključivo antinutritivnim materijama koje dovode do brojnih smetnji i zdravstvenih problema životinja. Od 80ih godina XX veka počinje da se ispituje njihov pozitivan uticaj na životinje. Biljke mogu da sadrže i do 20% tanina u suvoj materiji. Sadržaj tanina zavisi od biljne vrste, fenofaze, a menja se i u skladu sa uslovima okoline. Najčešće ispitivane krmne kulture koje sadrže tanine su: žuti zvezdan (Lotus corniculatus) sa sadržajem tanina 20-40 g/kg suve materije, zatim esparzeta (Onobrichis vicifolia) sa 5-22 mg/g zelenog lista, hmelj (Humulus sp.), cikorija (Chicorium intybus), ajčica (Coronilla varia), čič (Astragalus cicer), sula (Hedysarum coronarium),  karob (Ceratonia siliqua) i druge. Zadnjih godina sve više se u ishrani preživara koriste ekstrakti tanina dobijeni od drvenastih vrsta, pre svega hrasta (Quercus sp) i kestena (Castanea sp) koji u zavisnosti od proizvođača sadrže oko 70% tanina. Proteini su najskuplja komponenta hrane za životinje i teži se njihovom boljem iskorišćavanju. U ishrani preživara, usled buražne fermentacije dolazi do određenih gubitaka proteina. Iz tog razloga se teži povećanju sadržaja proteina u hrani za preživare koji izbegavaju buražnu fermentaciju (tzv. „by-pass“ proteini). Tanini sa proteinima u uslovima neutralne sredine (kakva je u buragu) stvaraju nerastvorljive komplekse, dok u kiseloj sredini (kakva je u tankim crevima) dolazi do razgradnje ovih kompleksa. Zahvaljujući ovim osobinama tanina, može se uticati na povećanje sadržaja „by-pass“ proteina u ishrani preživara i time optimalnije normirati obroci. Reaktivnost tanina zavisi od njihovog izvora, oblika, koncentracije,  pH vrednosti sredine, vrste proteina sa kojima reaguju i drugih faktora. Usled korišćenja tanina može doći do optimalnijeg iskorišćavanja proteina što dalje može da vodi ka poboljšanoj produktivnosti životinja (veći prirasti, povoljnija konverzija hrane, veći prinosi) kao i do promena masnokiselinskog sastava mesa i mleka usled izmenjene buražne fermentacije. Takođe, primećeno je da tanini povećavaju otpornost preživara na crevne parazite, poboljšavaju antioksidativna svojstva i doprinose boljem zdravstvenom stanju životinja. S druge strane, ukoliko su koncentracije tanina u hrani za životinje previsoke, mogu se ispoljiti negativni efekti, od kojih su neki: niska konzumacija hrane usled neprijatnog (oporog) ukusa, smanjena svarljivost vlakana i šećera, niži prirasti, različiti oblici intoksikacija životinja i drugo. Takođe, tanini pored proteina mogu reagovati i sa enzimima, kao i sa neproteinskim organskim azotnim jedinjenjima. Upotreba tanina u ishrani preživara je veoma aktuelna. Ipak, potrebno je obaviti još istraživanja kako bi se odredile optimalne koncentracije različitih vrsta tanina iz različitih izvora i u potpunosti razumela njihova uloga, svarljivost i reaktivnost u organizmu životinja.
AB  - Tannins represent a heterogeneous group of polyphenolic compounds that are characterized by the ability to precipitate proteins, polysaccharides and minerals. These are phenolic secondary compounds of plants that are mostly (over 80%) found in woody perennial dichotyledonous plants and a smaller part (around 15%) in annual and perennial dicotyledon plants, but also present in nutrients, human food and some drinks (wine on example) and represent the fourth largest group of compounds in the vesicular tissue, after cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Tannins consist of 12 to 16 phenolic groups and 5-7 aromatic rings. They are found in almost all parts of the plant: in the seeds, fruits, leaves, trees, roots and roots, and their primary function is to protect the plant against pathogens, insects, pests and herbivores. Although there are several classifications, the main division of tannin is on condensed and hydrolisable tannins. Tannins are characterized by astringency, resistance to taste and have long been considered only antinutritive substances that lead to numerous disorders and animal health problems. From the 80s of the 20th century, their positive impact on animals is examined. Plants can contain up to 20% tannin in dry matter. The content of tannin depends on the plant species, phenophase, and changes in accordance with environmental conditions. The most commonly studied fodder cultures containing tannins are: Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) with tannin content of 20-40 g / kg of dry matter, then Sainfoin (Onobrichis vicifolia) with 5-22 mg / g green leaf, hops (Humulus sp.), chicory (Chicorium intybus),  Coronilla varia,  Astragalus cicer, sulla (Hedysarum coronarium), Ceratonia siliqua and others. In recent years, tannin extracts of woody species, primarily oak (Quercus sp) and chestnuts (Castanea sp), are used in ruminant nutrition, which, depending on the producer, contain about 70% tannin. Proteins are the most expensive component of animal feed and are striving for better use. In the feed of ruminants, due to sterile fermentation, certain protein losses occur. For this reason, it seeks to increase the content of proteins in food for the ruminants that avoids fermentation (the so-called "by-pass" protein). Tannins with proteins in the conditions of a neutral environment (such as in the rumen) create insoluble complexes, while in the acidic environment (such as in the small intestine) there is a degradation of these complexes. Thanks to these tannin properties, it may be possible to increase the content of by-pass proteins in ruminant nutrition and thus to better normalize the meals. Reactivity of tannin depends on their source, shape, concentration, pH of the environment, the types of proteins with which they react and other factors. Due to the use of tannins, optimum protein utilization can be achieved, which can lead to improved animal productivity (higher growth, better food conversion, higher yields), and changes in the fatty acid composition of meat and milk due to modified fermentation. It has also been observed that tannins increase the resistance of ruminants to intestinal parasites, improve antioxidant properties and contribute to a better health condition of animals. On the other hand, if tannin concentrations in animal feed are too high, negative effects can be observed, some of which are: low consumption of food due to unpleasant taste, reduced digestibility of fibers and sugar, lower growth, different forms of animal intoxication and other . Also, tannins besides protein can also react with enzymes, as well as with non-protein organic nitrogen compounds. The use of tannin in ruminant nutrition is very actual. However, more research is needed to determine the optimum concentrations of various tannins from different sources and fully understand their role, digestibility and reactivity in the animal's organism.
PB  - Društvo za krmno bilje Srbije
C3  - Зборник апстраката XIV Симпозијум о крмном биљу Србије "Значај и улога крмних биљака у одрживој пољопривреди Србије"
T1  - Утицај танина на квалитет протеина у исхрани преживара
T1  - Uticaj tanina na kvalitet proteina u ishrani preživara
T1  - Influence of tannins on protein quality in ruminant nutrition
SP  - 79-80
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_613
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Cekić, Bogdan and Božičković, Aleksa and Bijelić, Zorica and Ružić-Muslić, Dragana and Stojiljković, Nenad and Mićić, Nenad and Maksimović, Nevena",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Tanini predstavljaju heterogenu grupu polifenolnih jedinjenja koji se odlikuju sposobnošću taloženja proteina, polisaharida i minerala. To su fenolna sekundarna jedinjenja biljaka koja se većinom (preko 80%)  nalaze u drvenastim višegodišnjim dikotiledonim biljkama i manjim delom (oko 15%) u jednogodišnjim i zeljastim višegodišnjim dikotiledonim biljkama, ali su prisutni i u hranivima, ljudskoj hrani i nekim pićima (vinu na primer) i predstavljaju četvrtu najbrojniju grupu jedinjenja u vezikularnom tkivu, posle celuloze, hemiceluloze i lignina.  Tanini se sastoje od 12 do 16 fenolnih grupa i 5-7 aromatičnih prstenova. Nalaze se u gotovo svim delovima biljke: u semenu, plodu, listu, stablu, kori i korenu, i njihova primarna funkcija je zaštita biljke protiv patogena, insekata, štetočina i biljojeda. Iako postoji nekoliko klasifikacija, glavna podela tanina je na kondenzovane i tanine podložne hidrolizi. Tanini se odlikuju astrigentnošću, oporim ukusom i dugo su smatrani isključivo antinutritivnim materijama koje dovode do brojnih smetnji i zdravstvenih problema životinja. Od 80ih godina XX veka počinje da se ispituje njihov pozitivan uticaj na životinje. Biljke mogu da sadrže i do 20% tanina u suvoj materiji. Sadržaj tanina zavisi od biljne vrste, fenofaze, a menja se i u skladu sa uslovima okoline. Najčešće ispitivane krmne kulture koje sadrže tanine su: žuti zvezdan (Lotus corniculatus) sa sadržajem tanina 20-40 g/kg suve materije, zatim esparzeta (Onobrichis vicifolia) sa 5-22 mg/g zelenog lista, hmelj (Humulus sp.), cikorija (Chicorium intybus), ajčica (Coronilla varia), čič (Astragalus cicer), sula (Hedysarum coronarium),  karob (Ceratonia siliqua) i druge. Zadnjih godina sve više se u ishrani preživara koriste ekstrakti tanina dobijeni od drvenastih vrsta, pre svega hrasta (Quercus sp) i kestena (Castanea sp) koji u zavisnosti od proizvođača sadrže oko 70% tanina. Proteini su najskuplja komponenta hrane za životinje i teži se njihovom boljem iskorišćavanju. U ishrani preživara, usled buražne fermentacije dolazi do određenih gubitaka proteina. Iz tog razloga se teži povećanju sadržaja proteina u hrani za preživare koji izbegavaju buražnu fermentaciju (tzv. „by-pass“ proteini). Tanini sa proteinima u uslovima neutralne sredine (kakva je u buragu) stvaraju nerastvorljive komplekse, dok u kiseloj sredini (kakva je u tankim crevima) dolazi do razgradnje ovih kompleksa. Zahvaljujući ovim osobinama tanina, može se uticati na povećanje sadržaja „by-pass“ proteina u ishrani preživara i time optimalnije normirati obroci. Reaktivnost tanina zavisi od njihovog izvora, oblika, koncentracije,  pH vrednosti sredine, vrste proteina sa kojima reaguju i drugih faktora. Usled korišćenja tanina može doći do optimalnijeg iskorišćavanja proteina što dalje može da vodi ka poboljšanoj produktivnosti životinja (veći prirasti, povoljnija konverzija hrane, veći prinosi) kao i do promena masnokiselinskog sastava mesa i mleka usled izmenjene buražne fermentacije. Takođe, primećeno je da tanini povećavaju otpornost preživara na crevne parazite, poboljšavaju antioksidativna svojstva i doprinose boljem zdravstvenom stanju životinja. S druge strane, ukoliko su koncentracije tanina u hrani za životinje previsoke, mogu se ispoljiti negativni efekti, od kojih su neki: niska konzumacija hrane usled neprijatnog (oporog) ukusa, smanjena svarljivost vlakana i šećera, niži prirasti, različiti oblici intoksikacija životinja i drugo. Takođe, tanini pored proteina mogu reagovati i sa enzimima, kao i sa neproteinskim organskim azotnim jedinjenjima. Upotreba tanina u ishrani preživara je veoma aktuelna. Ipak, potrebno je obaviti još istraživanja kako bi se odredile optimalne koncentracije različitih vrsta tanina iz različitih izvora i u potpunosti razumela njihova uloga, svarljivost i reaktivnost u organizmu životinja., Tannins represent a heterogeneous group of polyphenolic compounds that are characterized by the ability to precipitate proteins, polysaccharides and minerals. These are phenolic secondary compounds of plants that are mostly (over 80%) found in woody perennial dichotyledonous plants and a smaller part (around 15%) in annual and perennial dicotyledon plants, but also present in nutrients, human food and some drinks (wine on example) and represent the fourth largest group of compounds in the vesicular tissue, after cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Tannins consist of 12 to 16 phenolic groups and 5-7 aromatic rings. They are found in almost all parts of the plant: in the seeds, fruits, leaves, trees, roots and roots, and their primary function is to protect the plant against pathogens, insects, pests and herbivores. Although there are several classifications, the main division of tannin is on condensed and hydrolisable tannins. Tannins are characterized by astringency, resistance to taste and have long been considered only antinutritive substances that lead to numerous disorders and animal health problems. From the 80s of the 20th century, their positive impact on animals is examined. Plants can contain up to 20% tannin in dry matter. The content of tannin depends on the plant species, phenophase, and changes in accordance with environmental conditions. The most commonly studied fodder cultures containing tannins are: Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) with tannin content of 20-40 g / kg of dry matter, then Sainfoin (Onobrichis vicifolia) with 5-22 mg / g green leaf, hops (Humulus sp.), chicory (Chicorium intybus),  Coronilla varia,  Astragalus cicer, sulla (Hedysarum coronarium), Ceratonia siliqua and others. In recent years, tannin extracts of woody species, primarily oak (Quercus sp) and chestnuts (Castanea sp), are used in ruminant nutrition, which, depending on the producer, contain about 70% tannin. Proteins are the most expensive component of animal feed and are striving for better use. In the feed of ruminants, due to sterile fermentation, certain protein losses occur. For this reason, it seeks to increase the content of proteins in food for the ruminants that avoids fermentation (the so-called "by-pass" protein). Tannins with proteins in the conditions of a neutral environment (such as in the rumen) create insoluble complexes, while in the acidic environment (such as in the small intestine) there is a degradation of these complexes. Thanks to these tannin properties, it may be possible to increase the content of by-pass proteins in ruminant nutrition and thus to better normalize the meals. Reactivity of tannin depends on their source, shape, concentration, pH of the environment, the types of proteins with which they react and other factors. Due to the use of tannins, optimum protein utilization can be achieved, which can lead to improved animal productivity (higher growth, better food conversion, higher yields), and changes in the fatty acid composition of meat and milk due to modified fermentation. It has also been observed that tannins increase the resistance of ruminants to intestinal parasites, improve antioxidant properties and contribute to a better health condition of animals. On the other hand, if tannin concentrations in animal feed are too high, negative effects can be observed, some of which are: low consumption of food due to unpleasant taste, reduced digestibility of fibers and sugar, lower growth, different forms of animal intoxication and other . Also, tannins besides protein can also react with enzymes, as well as with non-protein organic nitrogen compounds. The use of tannin in ruminant nutrition is very actual. However, more research is needed to determine the optimum concentrations of various tannins from different sources and fully understand their role, digestibility and reactivity in the animal's organism.",
publisher = "Društvo za krmno bilje Srbije",
journal = "Зборник апстраката XIV Симпозијум о крмном биљу Србије "Значај и улога крмних биљака у одрживој пољопривреди Србије"",
title = "Утицај танина на квалитет протеина у исхрани преживара, Uticaj tanina na kvalitet proteina u ishrani preživara, Influence of tannins on protein quality in ruminant nutrition",
pages = "79-80",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_613"
}

Cekić, B., Božičković, A., Bijelić, Z., Ružić-Muslić, D., Stojiljković, N., Mićić, N.,& Maksimović, N.. (2019). Утицај танина на квалитет протеина у исхрани преживара. in Зборник апстраката XIV Симпозијум о крмном биљу Србије "Значај и улога крмних биљака у одрживој пољопривреди Србије"
Društvo za krmno bilje Srbije., 79-80.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_613

Cekić B, Božičković A, Bijelić Z, Ružić-Muslić D, Stojiljković N, Mićić N, Maksimović N. Утицај танина на квалитет протеина у исхрани преживара. in Зборник апстраката XIV Симпозијум о крмном биљу Србије "Значај и улога крмних биљака у одрживој пољопривреди Србије". 2019;:79-80.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_613 .

Cekić, Bogdan, Božičković, Aleksa, Bijelić, Zorica, Ružić-Muslić, Dragana, Stojiljković, Nenad, Mićić, Nenad, Maksimović, Nevena, "Утицај танина на квалитет протеина у исхрани преживара" in Зборник апстраката XIV Симпозијум о крмном биљу Србије "Значај и улога крмних биљака у одрживој пољопривреди Србије" (2019):79-80,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_613 .