Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review
Authors
Kostić, AleksandarMiličić, Danijel
Petrović, Tanja
Krnjaja, Vesna
Stanojević, Slađana
Barać, Miroljub
Tešić, Živoslav
Pešić, Mirjana
Article (Published version)
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Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and a w values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotox...ins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins.
Keywords:
Pollen / Fungi / Mycotoxins / Aflatoxins / Ochratoxins / Fumonisins / T-2 toxin / Zearalenone / DeoxynivalenolSource:
Toxins, 2019, 11, 2, 64-Publisher:
- MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Funding / projects:
- Utilization of plant sources of protein, dietary fiber and antioxidants in food production (RS-MESTD-Technological Development (TD or TR)-31069)
- Structure-properties relationships of natural and synthetic molecules and their metal complexes (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-172017)
- Novel encapsulation and enzyme technologies for designing of new biocatalysts and biologically active compounds targeting enhancement of food quality, safety and competitiveness (RS-MESTD-Integrated and Interdisciplinary Research (IIR or III)-46010)
- Reduction of toxigenic Fusarium species and their mycotoxins in production of safe cereal-based foods (RS-MESTD-Technological Development (TD or TR)-31023)
DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020064
ISSN: 2072-6651
WoS: 000460801500006
Scopus: 2-s2.0-85060521205
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Institution/Community
RIStocarTY - JOUR AU - Kostić, Aleksandar AU - Miličić, Danijel AU - Petrović, Tanja AU - Krnjaja, Vesna AU - Stanojević, Slađana AU - Barać, Miroljub AU - Tešić, Živoslav AU - Pešić, Mirjana PY - 2019 UR - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/609 AB - Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and a w values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotoxins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins. PB - MDPI, Basel, Switzerland T2 - Toxins T1 - Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 64 DO - 10.3390/toxins11020064 ER -
@article{ author = "Kostić, Aleksandar and Miličić, Danijel and Petrović, Tanja and Krnjaja, Vesna and Stanojević, Slađana and Barać, Miroljub and Tešić, Živoslav and Pešić, Mirjana", year = "2019", abstract = "Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and a w values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotoxins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins.", publisher = "MDPI, Basel, Switzerland", journal = "Toxins", title = "Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review", volume = "11", number = "2", pages = "64", doi = "10.3390/toxins11020064" }
Kostić, A., Miličić, D., Petrović, T., Krnjaja, V., Stanojević, S., Barać, M., Tešić, Ž.,& Pešić, M.. (2019). Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review. in Toxins MDPI, Basel, Switzerland., 11(2), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020064
Kostić A, Miličić D, Petrović T, Krnjaja V, Stanojević S, Barać M, Tešić Ž, Pešić M. Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review. in Toxins. 2019;11(2):64. doi:10.3390/toxins11020064 .
Kostić, Aleksandar, Miličić, Danijel, Petrović, Tanja, Krnjaja, Vesna, Stanojević, Slađana, Barać, Miroljub, Tešić, Živoslav, Pešić, Mirjana, "Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review" in Toxins, 11, no. 2 (2019):64, https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020064 . .