Fenotipska i genetska varijabilnost osobina kvaliteta polutki i mesa svinja

Abstract

Ovo istraživanje je imalo za cilj da se utvrdi fenotipska i genetska varijabilnostosobina kvaliteta trupa i mesa potomaka tri čiste rase očeva (ŠL-švedski landras, VJvelikijorkšir i P-pijetren), kao i pouzdanost ocene udela mesa u polutki primenom dvemetode (prema Pravilniku i parcijalnom disekcijom).Krmače–majke su parene sa nerastima-očevima tri rase, tako da su dobijenipotomci bili: čista rasa (ŠL); dvorasni melezi sa udelom roditeljskih rasa 50:50 (genotipVJ x ŠL i P x ŠL); dvorasni melezi sa 75% rase oca (ŠL ili VJ, genotip ŠL x (VJxŠL) iVJ x (VJxŠL)) i trorasni melezi (genotip P x (VJxŠL)). Ukupno je za 536 potomkaispitivano deset sobina porasta i kvaliteta polutke odnosno 442 potomka za osobinedebljina slanine na grebenu, krstima (I i III mera) i dužine polutke oba pola (muškakastrirana i ženska grla). Vrednost pH (pH45 - 45 minuta i pH24 - 24 časa post mortem)m.longissimus-a i m.semimenbranosus-a utvrđena je pH-metrom sa ubodnomelektrodom (Hanna, HI 83141) kod 410 potomaka. Od ukupnog broja potomaka (536grla) kvalitet trupa disekcijom (u skladu sa odgovarajućim propisima EU (EC No3127/94, 1994, EC No 1197/06, 2006; Walstra i Merkus, 1996) ispitan je kod 201potomka ispitivanih očeva (108 muških kastriranih grla i 93 ženskih grla). Uzorci zautvrđivanje kvaliteta mesa su uzeti sa dugog leđnog mišića musculus longissimus (ML),u visini između 13. i 14. rebra. Uzorci m.longissimus potiču od 50 potomaka dve plodnerase očeva, švedskog landrasa (29 uzoraka) i velikog jorkšira (21 uzorak). Obradapodataka obavljena je primenom odgovarajućeg računarskog paketa "LSMLMW andMIXMDL, PC-2 VERSION" (Harvey, 1990) odnosno upotrebom procedure metodanajmanjih kvadrata u cilju determinisanja signifikantnosti (P<0,05) sistematskih uticajana osobine prirasta, kvaliteta polutki i mesa. U modele su uključeni: rasa oca, očevi,genotip grla, pol, masa polutki (linearni uticaj) ili uzrast pri klanju (linearni uticaj).Fenotipska povezanost utvrđena je izračunavanjem koeficijenata korelacije.Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su najmlađi pri klanju bili potomci nerasta rasepijetren (194,57 dana) a najstariji nerasta rase veliki jorkšir (209,15 dana) i da je rasa oca uticala statistički visoko značajno (P<0,01) na variranje uzrasta pri klanjupotomaka...

The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genetic variability ofcarcass and meat quality traits in offspring of three purebred sires (SL-SwedishLandrace, LW-Large White and P-Pietrain) and the reliability of the evaluation of shareof meat in the carcass side by using two methods (according to Regulation and partialdissection).Sow dams were mated with boar sires of three breeds, and the followingprogeny was obtained: pure breed (SL); two-breed crosses with share of parental breeds50:50 (genotype LW x SL and P x SL); two-breed crosses with 75% of sire breed (SL orLW, genotype SL x (LWxSL) and LW x (LWxSL)) and three-breed crosses (genotype Px (LWxSL)). On total of 536 progeny, ten growth and carcass side quality traits werestudied, i.e. in 442 progeny the back fat thickness on withers and rump (measures I andIII) and length of carcass sides of both genders/sexes (male and female animals). ThepH values (pH45 - 45 minutes and pH24 - 24 hours post mortem) of m.longissimus andm.semimenbranosus were determined using the pH-meter with probing electrode(Hanna, HI 83141) in 410 progeny animals. Of total number of progeny (536 animals),the quality of carcass was studied by dissection (consistent with adequate regulationsEU (EC No 3127/94, 1994, EC No 1197/06, 2006; Walstra and Merkus, 1996) in 201progeny animals of studied sires (108 male castrated animals and 93 female animals).Samples used for determination of the quality of meat were taken from the long backmuscle musculus longissimus (ML), between the 13th and 14th rib. Samples ofm.longissimus were taken from 50 animals progeny of two fertile sire breeds of SwedishLandrace (29 samples) and Large White (21 samples). Data was processed by applyingthe adequate software package "LSMLMW and MIXMDL, PC-2 VERSION" (Harvey,1990), i.e. by using the procedure of the Least Square Method in order to determine thesignificance (P<0,05) of systematic influences on traits of gain, carcass side quality andmeat quality. Models included: sire breed, genotype of the individual animal, sex/gender, carcass side mass (linear effect) or age at slaughter (linear effect)...