PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR PREDICTION AND SELECTION OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS

Abstract

Environmental factors are always present, it is difficult to reliably determine the value of an animal's genotype. The fact that genotypes are not passed from generation to generation, but numerous genes that exhibit average effects in relation to the mean value of the population also complicated genotype assessment. In order to estimate the genotype of an individual as accurately as possible, we must apply a series of procedures that collectively at the end of the journey can give us a clearer picture of what we are looking for. The basis of selection work is the assessment of the breeding value of domestic animals on the basis of which the selection of individuals or groups for further reproduction and use in production. With the development of computer technology, statistical software was obtained, which enabled faster and more reliable data processing and assessment of breeding value, using linear models. From the first ideas of DNA molecule analysis for that purpose until today, many procedures have been applied and improved and many genetic markers and methods have been discovered, so that in practical terms it is necessary to accept a common platform called genomic selection. Genomic selection - is a powerful tool for future use. Currently, the efficiency of genomic selection is limited by various interactions between the locus of quantitative traits, the variability of quantitative traits, and the influence of environmental factors. However, research results in many countries have confirmed that the use of standard statistical methods together with genomic selection increases reliability in predicting the breeding values of animals.