Ocena kvaliteta dobrobiti na farmama mlečnih krava

Abstract

U današnje vreme, uzimajući u obzir težinu i izloženost uticajima kojiugrožavaju dobrobit kao i broj gajenih životinja, problem dobrobiti mlečnih kravajedan je od najizraženijih u Evropi. Zaštita dobrobiti mlečnih krava je izuzetnokompleksno pitanje, koje uključuje različite aspekte i zahteva korenite promene uodgajivačkim programima i sistemima menandžmenta. Pitanje dobrobiti najvišeokupira one koji su direktno ili indirektno uključeni u proizvodnju hrane -potrošače i proizvođače animalnih proizvoda. Pored toga, zaštita dobrobitimlečnih krava povezana je i sa pitanjima zaštite životne sredine, održivog razvoja,i čitavog niza zdravstvenih, higijenskih, ekonomskih i socijalnih problema jednogdruštva.Osnovni cilj ovog rada bio je utvrđivanje nivoa kvaliteta dobrobiti nafarmama mlečnih krava kao i sagledavanje razlika u kvalitetu dobrobiti izmeđufarmi sa različitim sistemom držanja i farmi različitog kapaciteta. Procenarelevantnosti pojedinih indikatora u okviru kriterijuma i principa, kao i bližedefinisanje najznačajnijih problema dobrobiti na farmama mlečnih krava u našojzemlji, utvrđivanje međusobnih odnosa kvaliteta dobrobiti, proizvodnje mleka,nekih reproduktivnih pokazatelja i sezone gajenja takođe su određeni kao ciljevidisertacije.Za ocenu stanja dobrobiti na farmama mlečnih krava korišćen je Protokol zaocenu kvaliteta dobrobiti goveda (Wefare Quality® Assessment Protocol for Cattle,2009) čija je specifičnost ocena odgovarajućih pokazatelja dobrobiti posmatrano izugla same životinje. Protokol uključuje 29 indikatora koji se koriste za utvrđivanje12 kriterijuma: odsustva dugotrajne gladi i žeđi, komfora u držanju, termalnogkomfora, slobode pokreta, odsustva povreda i bolesti, odsustva bola usled mutilacija, izražavanja socijalnih i ostalih oblika ponašanja, dobrog odnosa čovek -životinja i pozitivnog emocionalnog stanja...

Today, taking into consideration the gravity and exposure to influences thatthreaten the welfare and the number of farmed animals, welfare problem of dairycows is one of the most dominant in Europe. Protecting the welfare of dairy cowsis an extremely complex issue that involves different aspects and requiresfundamental changes in the breeding programs and management systems. Thequestion of animal welfare is mainly occupying those who are directly or indirectlyinvolved in the production of food - consumers and producers of animal products.In addition, the protection of the welfare of dairy cows is associated withenvironmental issues, sustainable development, and a range of medical, hygienic,economic and social problems of the society.The main objective of this study was to determine the quality of the welfareof dairy cows on farms as well as understanding the difference in the quality ofwelfare among farms with different housing systems and farms of differentcapacities. Assessment of the relevance of certain indicators within the criteria andprinciples, as well as clarification of the major welfare problem in dairy cattlefarms in the country, establishing mutual relationship between animal welfarequality, milk production, reproductive indices and some of the breeding season,were also determined as objectives of the dissertation.For the assessment of animal welfare on dairy farms the Protocol to assessthe quality of welfare of cattle was used (Welfare Quality ® Assessment Protocol forCattle, 2009), whose specific feature is the assessment of appropriate animalwelfare indicators from the viewpoint of the animals themselves. The protocolincludes 29 indicators used to determine the 12 criteria: the absence of long-termhunger and thirst, keeping of comfort, thermal comfort, freedom of movement, lack of injuries and illness, absence of pain due to mutilation, expression of socialbehaviour and other forms of behaviour, a good relationship man - animal andpositive emotional state...