Mineral nutrition of modern poultry genotypes

Abstract

In the latest research relating to mineral nutrition of poultry, the interest in several nutrients is prevailing for which in ordinary diets additional sources are necessary. In mineral nutrition of layers constantly the calcium (Ca) requirements are reviewed as one of the most important factors influencing the quality of eggs and bones, in regard to adequate level, source and particle size of added Ca, as well as mutual balance with other nutrients, primarily vitamin D, phosphorus (P) and certain micro-elements. Also, efforts are directed towards possibility and justification for use of new source of vitamin D, existing recommendations related to P are reviewed as well as increase of possibility for adoption of phytine bound phosphorus in diets using enzyme phytase, as well as investigation of organic forms of certain micro-element sources. Certain researches which combine the latest studies of the mineral nutrition of poultry are especially interesting also for practical application. Contrary to layers, focus of research of mineral nutrition of broilers is on phosphorus and application of enzyme phytase. In general, researches of the mineral nutrition of modern poultry genotypes are always actual, considering that their objective is to support genetic progress with adequate nutrition, but also to solve increasing problems relating to product quality, metabolic disorders and ecology.

U novijim istraživanjima vezanim za mineralnu ishranu živine uglavnom preovlađuje interesovanje za nekoliko nutrijenata za koje su u uobičajenim obrocima potrebni dodatni izvori. Kod mineralne ishrane nosilja stalno se revidiraju potrebe nosilja za kalcijumom (Ca) kao jednim od najbitnijih činilaca koji utiču na kvalitet jaja i kostiju, kako u pogledu adekvatnog nivoa, izvora i veličine čestica dodatog Ca, tako i međusobnog balansa sa ostalim nutrijentima u obroku, pre svega vitaminom D, fosforom (P) i pojedinim mikroelementima. Takođe se radi na mogućnosti i opravdanosti upotrebe novog izvora vitamina D, revidiranju postojećih preporuka za P i povećanju usvojivosti fitinski vezanog fosfora u obrocima upotrebom enzima fitaze, kao i ispitivanju organskih formi izvora nekih mikroelemenata. Posebno interesantna i za praktičnu primenu značajna su pojedina istraživanja koja kombinuju ova novija saznanja vezana za mineralnu ishranu nosilja. Za razliku od nosilja, težište kod istraživanja mineralne ishrane brojlera je na fosforu i primeni enzima fitaze. Generalno, istraživanja mineralne ishrane savremenih genotipova živine ne gube stalnu aktuelnost, obzirom da za cilj imaju da se ishranom adekvatno prati progresivni genetički napredak, ali i da se reše narastajući problemi vezani za kvalitet proizvoda, metaboličke poremećaje i ekologiju.