TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kostić, Aleksandar
AU  - Miličić, Danijel
AU  - Petrović, Tanja
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Stanojević, Slađana
AU  - Barać, Miroljub
AU  - Tešić, Živoslav
AU  - Pešić, Mirjana
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/609
AB  - Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and a w values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotoxins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins.
PB  - MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
T2  - Toxins
T1  - Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
SP  - 64
DO  - 10.3390/toxins11020064
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kostić, Aleksandar and Miličić, Danijel and Petrović, Tanja and Krnjaja, Vesna and Stanojević, Slađana and Barać, Miroljub and Tešić, Živoslav and Pešić, Mirjana",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and a w values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotoxins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins.",
publisher = "MDPI, Basel, Switzerland",
journal = "Toxins",
title = "Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review",
volume = "11",
number = "2",
pages = "64",
doi = "10.3390/toxins11020064"
}

Kostić, A., Miličić, D., Petrović, T., Krnjaja, V., Stanojević, S., Barać, M., Tešić, Ž.,& Pešić, M.. (2019). Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review. in Toxins
MDPI, Basel, Switzerland., 11(2), 64.
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020064

Kostić A, Miličić D, Petrović T, Krnjaja V, Stanojević S, Barać M, Tešić Ž, Pešić M. Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review. in Toxins. 2019;11(2):64.
doi:10.3390/toxins11020064 .

Kostić, Aleksandar, Miličić, Danijel, Petrović, Tanja, Krnjaja, Vesna, Stanojević, Slađana, Barać, Miroljub, Tešić, Živoslav, Pešić, Mirjana, "Mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi in pollen: Review" in Toxins, 11, no. 2 (2019):64,
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020064 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Petrović, Tanja
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Lukić, Miloš
AU  - Škrbić, Zdenka
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://istocar.bg.ac.rs/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/06.BAH-19-1-10-26.2.2019.-Krnjaja-et-al-1-1.pdf
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/610
AB  - In this study, a total of 30 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different poultry farms in Serbia in 2016 were tested for fungal and aflatoxin contamination. Using the plate count and standard mycological methods, total fungal counts and potentially toxigenic fungal genera were determined. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay) method.
The total fungal count was in the range from 1 x 102 (2 log CFU g–1) to 1.83 x 105 CFU g–1 (5.26 log CFU g–1). The majority of the chicken feeds (78.57%) had the total fungal count in the ranged from 1 x 102 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g–1, whereas in 68.75% of the laying hens feeds it was ranged from 5.3 x 104 to 1.83 x 105 CFU g–1. In 21.43% of the chicken feeds fungal contamination reached the level above the regulation limits. Three potentially toxigenic fungal genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, have been identified. In the tested poultry feed samples, more samples contaminated with Aspergillus were determined compared to samples contaminated by Fusarium and Penicillium species. The AFB1 was detected in concentrations from 1.34 to 18.29 μg kg–1, with an average of 4.47 and 4.56 μg kg–1 in the chicken and laying hens feed samples, respectively. In 14.29% of the chicken feeds, the level of AFB1 was above the regulation limits.
The obtained results confirmed the importance of continuous mycological and mycotoxicological control of poultry feed, as well as need to improve risk assessments of such contaminants along the food chain.
AB  - U ovom radu je 30 uzoraka hrane za živinu sakupljenih tokom 2016. godine iz razliĉitih živinarskih farmi u Srbiji, ispitivano na prisustvo gljiva i aflatoksina u uzorku. Primenom metode razređenja i standardnih mikoloških metoda utvrđeni su ukupan broj gljiva i identifikovani su potencijalno toksigeni rodovi gljiva. Prirodna pojava aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) utvrđena je primenom biohemijske imunoadsorpcione metode (ELISA).
Ukupan broj gljiva bio je od 1 x 102 (2 log CFU g–1) do 1,83 x 105 CFU g–1 (5.26 log CFU g–1). Najveći broj uzoraka hrane za piliće (78,57%) imao je ukupan broj gljiva u rangu od 1 x 102 do 4,8 x 104 CFU g–1, dok je 68,75% uzoraka hrane za nosilje imalo ukupan broj gljiva u rangu od 5,3 x 104 do 1,83 x 105 CFU g–1. U 21,43% hrane za piliće ustanovljen je nedozvoljen ukupan broj gljiva. Identifikovana su tri potencijalno toksigena roda gljiva Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium. Najveći broj ispitivanih uzoraka hrane za živinu bio je kontaminiran Aspergillus vrstama, u odnosu na Fusarium i Penicillium vrste koje su kontaminirale manji broj uzoraka. Rang sadržaja AFB1 bio je od 1,34 do 18,29 μg kg–1, sa proseĉnim sadržajem od 4,47 μg kg–1 u uzorcima hrane za piliće, i 4,56 μg kg–1 u uzorcima hrane za nosilje. U 14,29% uzoraka hrane za piliće ustanovljen je nedozvoljen sadržaj AFB1. Dobijeni rezultati potvrđuju znaĉaj stalne mikološke i mikotoksikološke kontrole hrane za živinu, kao i potrebu za usavršavanjem procene rizika od štetnih (gljiviĉnih) kontaminenata u lancu ishrane.
PB  - Belgrade : Institute for animal husbandry
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds
VL  - 35
IS  - 1
SP  - 61
EP  - 69
DO  - 10.2298/BAH1901061K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Petrović, Tanja and Stanković, Slavica and Lukić, Miloš and Škrbić, Zdenka and Mandić, Violeta and Bijelić, Zorica",
year = "2019",
abstract = "In this study, a total of 30 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different poultry farms in Serbia in 2016 were tested for fungal and aflatoxin contamination. Using the plate count and standard mycological methods, total fungal counts and potentially toxigenic fungal genera were determined. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay) method.
The total fungal count was in the range from 1 x 102 (2 log CFU g–1) to 1.83 x 105 CFU g–1 (5.26 log CFU g–1). The majority of the chicken feeds (78.57%) had the total fungal count in the ranged from 1 x 102 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g–1, whereas in 68.75% of the laying hens feeds it was ranged from 5.3 x 104 to 1.83 x 105 CFU g–1. In 21.43% of the chicken feeds fungal contamination reached the level above the regulation limits. Three potentially toxigenic fungal genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, have been identified. In the tested poultry feed samples, more samples contaminated with Aspergillus were determined compared to samples contaminated by Fusarium and Penicillium species. The AFB1 was detected in concentrations from 1.34 to 18.29 μg kg–1, with an average of 4.47 and 4.56 μg kg–1 in the chicken and laying hens feed samples, respectively. In 14.29% of the chicken feeds, the level of AFB1 was above the regulation limits.
The obtained results confirmed the importance of continuous mycological and mycotoxicological control of poultry feed, as well as need to improve risk assessments of such contaminants along the food chain., U ovom radu je 30 uzoraka hrane za živinu sakupljenih tokom 2016. godine iz razliĉitih živinarskih farmi u Srbiji, ispitivano na prisustvo gljiva i aflatoksina u uzorku. Primenom metode razređenja i standardnih mikoloških metoda utvrđeni su ukupan broj gljiva i identifikovani su potencijalno toksigeni rodovi gljiva. Prirodna pojava aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) utvrđena je primenom biohemijske imunoadsorpcione metode (ELISA).
Ukupan broj gljiva bio je od 1 x 102 (2 log CFU g–1) do 1,83 x 105 CFU g–1 (5.26 log CFU g–1). Najveći broj uzoraka hrane za piliće (78,57%) imao je ukupan broj gljiva u rangu od 1 x 102 do 4,8 x 104 CFU g–1, dok je 68,75% uzoraka hrane za nosilje imalo ukupan broj gljiva u rangu od 5,3 x 104 do 1,83 x 105 CFU g–1. U 21,43% hrane za piliće ustanovljen je nedozvoljen ukupan broj gljiva. Identifikovana su tri potencijalno toksigena roda gljiva Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium. Najveći broj ispitivanih uzoraka hrane za živinu bio je kontaminiran Aspergillus vrstama, u odnosu na Fusarium i Penicillium vrste koje su kontaminirale manji broj uzoraka. Rang sadržaja AFB1 bio je od 1,34 do 18,29 μg kg–1, sa proseĉnim sadržajem od 4,47 μg kg–1 u uzorcima hrane za piliće, i 4,56 μg kg–1 u uzorcima hrane za nosilje. U 14,29% uzoraka hrane za piliće ustanovljen je nedozvoljen sadržaj AFB1. Dobijeni rezultati potvrđuju znaĉaj stalne mikološke i mikotoksikološke kontrole hrane za živinu, kao i potrebu za usavršavanjem procene rizika od štetnih (gljiviĉnih) kontaminenata u lancu ishrane.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Institute for animal husbandry",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds",
volume = "35",
number = "1",
pages = "61-69",
doi = "10.2298/BAH1901061K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Petrović, T., Stanković, S., Lukić, M., Škrbić, Z., Mandić, V.,& Bijelić, Z.. (2019). Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Belgrade : Institute for animal husbandry., 35(1), 61-69.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1901061K

Krnjaja V, Petrović T, Stanković S, Lukić M, Škrbić Z, Mandić V, Bijelić Z. Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2019;35(1):61-69.
doi:10.2298/BAH1901061K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Petrović, Tanja, Stanković, Slavica, Lukić, Miloš, Škrbić, Zdenka, Mandić, Violeta, Bijelić, Zorica, "Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 35, no. 1 (2019):61-69,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1901061K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Obradović, A.
AU  - Vasić, Tanja
AU  - Lukić, Miloš
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/568
AB  - Field trials were set up in the Belgrade area (Serbia) in 2013 and 2014 to determine the effect of plant density on the natural incidence of potentially toxigenic fungi and the level of mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FBs) in two Serbian maize hybrids of the FAO maturity group 700 (ZP 735 and NS Zenit). Three plant density treatments, namely, 55,000 plants ha−1 (PD1), 64,000 plants ha−1 (PD2) and 75,000 plants ha−1 (PD3), were evaluated. The incidence of identified potentially toxigenic fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium and the FB level increased significantly (P ≤ 0.01) at PD3. The effect of year was also significant (P ≤ 0.01) on the incidence of toxigenic fungi, as all fungal species had a higher incidence in 2014 than in 2013, with the exception of Aspergillus spp. that showed a significantly higher incidence in 2013. Levels of all tested mycotoxins were higher in 2014 than in 2013. The higher incidence of Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium verticillioides and Penicillium spp. and higher levels of AFB1 and FBs were observed in the hybrid ZP 735, whereas the hybrid NS Zenit had a higher incidence of Aspergillus spp. The effect of hybrids was not significant on the incidence of F. subglutinans and the DON level. These results indicated that the highest investigated plant density increased the fungal incidence and the FB level, especially in 2014. Although the two hybrids originated from the same FAO group, they differed in their effects on some toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Crop Protection
T1  - Influence of plant density on toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize grains
VL  - 116
SP  - 126
EP  - 131
DO  - 10.1016/j.cropro.2018.10.021
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Mandić, Violeta and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Obradović, A. and Vasić, Tanja and Lukić, Miloš and Bijelić, Zorica",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Field trials were set up in the Belgrade area (Serbia) in 2013 and 2014 to determine the effect of plant density on the natural incidence of potentially toxigenic fungi and the level of mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FBs) in two Serbian maize hybrids of the FAO maturity group 700 (ZP 735 and NS Zenit). Three plant density treatments, namely, 55,000 plants ha−1 (PD1), 64,000 plants ha−1 (PD2) and 75,000 plants ha−1 (PD3), were evaluated. The incidence of identified potentially toxigenic fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium and the FB level increased significantly (P ≤ 0.01) at PD3. The effect of year was also significant (P ≤ 0.01) on the incidence of toxigenic fungi, as all fungal species had a higher incidence in 2014 than in 2013, with the exception of Aspergillus spp. that showed a significantly higher incidence in 2013. Levels of all tested mycotoxins were higher in 2014 than in 2013. The higher incidence of Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium verticillioides and Penicillium spp. and higher levels of AFB1 and FBs were observed in the hybrid ZP 735, whereas the hybrid NS Zenit had a higher incidence of Aspergillus spp. The effect of hybrids was not significant on the incidence of F. subglutinans and the DON level. These results indicated that the highest investigated plant density increased the fungal incidence and the FB level, especially in 2014. Although the two hybrids originated from the same FAO group, they differed in their effects on some toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Crop Protection",
title = "Influence of plant density on toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize grains",
volume = "116",
pages = "126-131",
doi = "10.1016/j.cropro.2018.10.021"
}

Krnjaja, V., Mandić, V., Stanković, S. Ž., Obradović, A., Vasić, T., Lukić, M.,& Bijelić, Z.. (2019). Influence of plant density on toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize grains. in Crop Protection
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 116, 126-131.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.10.021

Krnjaja V, Mandić V, Stanković SŽ, Obradović A, Vasić T, Lukić M, Bijelić Z. Influence of plant density on toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize grains. in Crop Protection. 2019;116:126-131.
doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2018.10.021 .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Mandić, Violeta, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Obradović, A., Vasić, Tanja, Lukić, Miloš, Bijelić, Zorica, "Influence of plant density on toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize grains" in Crop Protection, 116 (2019):126-131,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.10.021 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Obradović, Ana
AU  - Petrović, Tanja
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Jauković, Marko
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/626
AB  - Production and consumption of healthy food occur as the
necessity of the modern life habits. The reduced risk of diseases improves the
quality of life. Feed safety is a priority trend in all process of animal production.
However, toxigenic fungal species and their secondary metabolites (mycotoxins)
are the common feed contaminants. The aflatoxins and the producing Aspergillus
species section Flavi in cereal grains and feeds has emerged as a serious concern
with potential health hazards in humans and animals. This paper aimed to give an
overview on of the effect of climatic factors on Aspergillus and aflatoxin
contamination of cereals and feeds in agro-ecological conditions of Serbia and
other European countries. Since the reduction of health risks and diseases in the
livestock as consequences of aflatoxins presence in feed have become the priority
tasks in feed safety control strategy thus the aim of this review has also been to
recommend some of the measures for preventing their adverse effect.
PB  - Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun
C3  - Proceedings, 12th International Symposium "Modern Trends in Livestock Production", 9-11 October 2019, Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - The effect of climate conditions on aflatoxin contamination of cereal grains and feeds
SP  - 580
EP  - 591
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_626
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Stanković, Slavica and Obradović, Ana and Petrović, Tanja and Mandić, Violeta and Bijelić, Zorica and Jauković, Marko",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Production and consumption of healthy food occur as the
necessity of the modern life habits. The reduced risk of diseases improves the
quality of life. Feed safety is a priority trend in all process of animal production.
However, toxigenic fungal species and their secondary metabolites (mycotoxins)
are the common feed contaminants. The aflatoxins and the producing Aspergillus
species section Flavi in cereal grains and feeds has emerged as a serious concern
with potential health hazards in humans and animals. This paper aimed to give an
overview on of the effect of climatic factors on Aspergillus and aflatoxin
contamination of cereals and feeds in agro-ecological conditions of Serbia and
other European countries. Since the reduction of health risks and diseases in the
livestock as consequences of aflatoxins presence in feed have become the priority
tasks in feed safety control strategy thus the aim of this review has also been to
recommend some of the measures for preventing their adverse effect.",
publisher = "Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun",
journal = "Proceedings, 12th International Symposium "Modern Trends in Livestock Production", 9-11 October 2019, Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "The effect of climate conditions on aflatoxin contamination of cereal grains and feeds",
pages = "580-591",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_626"
}

Krnjaja, V., Stanković, S., Obradović, A., Petrović, T., Mandić, V., Bijelić, Z.,& Jauković, M.. (2019). The effect of climate conditions on aflatoxin contamination of cereal grains and feeds. in Proceedings, 12th International Symposium "Modern Trends in Livestock Production", 9-11 October 2019, Belgrade, Serbia
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun., 580-591.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_626

Krnjaja V, Stanković S, Obradović A, Petrović T, Mandić V, Bijelić Z, Jauković M. The effect of climate conditions on aflatoxin contamination of cereal grains and feeds. in Proceedings, 12th International Symposium "Modern Trends in Livestock Production", 9-11 October 2019, Belgrade, Serbia. 2019;:580-591.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_626 .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Stanković, Slavica, Obradović, Ana, Petrović, Tanja, Mandić, Violeta, Bijelić, Zorica, Jauković, Marko, "The effect of climate conditions on aflatoxin contamination of cereal grains and feeds" in Proceedings, 12th International Symposium "Modern Trends in Livestock Production", 9-11 October 2019, Belgrade, Serbia (2019):580-591,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_626 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Munaut, Françoise
AU  - Scauflaire, Jonathan
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://journals.modares.ac.ir/article-23-12766-en.html
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/614
AB  - Morphological, biological, and phylogenetic approaches were undertaken for the identification of pathogenic species F. temperatum in the Serbian population of F. subglutinans collected in the 1999-2010 period from Zea mays (3 root, 15 stalk, and 6 seed samples), Sorghum bicolor (two seed samples), Hordeum vulgare (one seed sample) and Taraxacum officinale (one seed sample). Based on interspecies mating compatibility analyses and the maximum parsimony analysis of EF-1α sequences, only two strains, originating from S. bicolor seed (MRIZP 0418 and MRIZP 0552), were identified as F. temperatum, while the remaining 26 single-spore strains were identified as F. subglutinans Group 2. In situ detached barley leaf assay and artificially stalk and ear inoculation of two maize hybrids demonstrated that both F. temperatum and F. subglutinans strains were medium and strong pathogens under laboratory and field conditions, respectively. These are the first data on the F. temperatum as seed-borne pathogens of sorghum, as well as pathogenicity of F. temperatum strains on maize.
PB  - University of Tarbiat Modarres, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran, Iran
T2  - Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
T1  - Polyphasic approach used for distinguishing Fusarium temperatum from Fusarium subglutinans
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 221
EP  - 232
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_614
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lević, Jelena and Munaut, Françoise and Scauflaire, Jonathan and Stanković, Slavica and Ivanović, Dragica and Krnjaja, Vesna",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Morphological, biological, and phylogenetic approaches were undertaken for the identification of pathogenic species F. temperatum in the Serbian population of F. subglutinans collected in the 1999-2010 period from Zea mays (3 root, 15 stalk, and 6 seed samples), Sorghum bicolor (two seed samples), Hordeum vulgare (one seed sample) and Taraxacum officinale (one seed sample). Based on interspecies mating compatibility analyses and the maximum parsimony analysis of EF-1α sequences, only two strains, originating from S. bicolor seed (MRIZP 0418 and MRIZP 0552), were identified as F. temperatum, while the remaining 26 single-spore strains were identified as F. subglutinans Group 2. In situ detached barley leaf assay and artificially stalk and ear inoculation of two maize hybrids demonstrated that both F. temperatum and F. subglutinans strains were medium and strong pathogens under laboratory and field conditions, respectively. These are the first data on the F. temperatum as seed-borne pathogens of sorghum, as well as pathogenicity of F. temperatum strains on maize.",
publisher = "University of Tarbiat Modarres, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran, Iran",
journal = "Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology",
title = "Polyphasic approach used for distinguishing Fusarium temperatum from Fusarium subglutinans",
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "221-232",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_614"
}

Lević, J., Munaut, F., Scauflaire, J., Stanković, S., Ivanović, D.,& Krnjaja, V.. (2018). Polyphasic approach used for distinguishing Fusarium temperatum from Fusarium subglutinans. in Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
University of Tarbiat Modarres, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran, Iran., 21(1), 221-232.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_614

Lević J, Munaut F, Scauflaire J, Stanković S, Ivanović D, Krnjaja V. Polyphasic approach used for distinguishing Fusarium temperatum from Fusarium subglutinans. in Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 2018;21(1):221-232.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_614 .

Lević, Jelena, Munaut, Françoise, Scauflaire, Jonathan, Stanković, Slavica, Ivanović, Dragica, Krnjaja, Vesna, "Polyphasic approach used for distinguishing Fusarium temperatum from Fusarium subglutinans" in Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 21, no. 1 (2018):221-232,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ristocar_614 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Obradović, A.
AU  - Petrović, Tanja S.
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Božić, M.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/550
AB  - Fusarium graminearum as the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and its ability to produce trichothecenes was investigated by molecular techniques. A total of 37 strains isolated from the wheat, harvested in Serbia in 2005, 2008 and 2015, and previously designated by morphological observation as F. graminearum, were used for trichothecene genotypes characterization. The strains were identified using the species-specific primer set FG16R/FG16F while genotypic characterization was done using specific TRI13 and TRI3 sequences of the trichothecene gene clusters. The PCR assays identified all strains as species of F. graminearum sensu stricto with the DON/15-ADON genotype. The quantification of the mycotoxin (DON) was performed using the biochemical assay. The high levels of DON (>20,000 µg kg-1) were recorded in all of the strains from 2005, four strains from 2008 and two strains from 2015. Weather data of the investigated seasons, showed that the optimal temperature, frequent rains and high relative humidity (RH) was very favourable for the development of F. graminearum, affecting the DON biosynthesis.
PB  - MDPI AG
T2  - Toxins
T1  - Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
DO  - 10.3390/toxins10110460
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Obradović, A. and Petrović, Tanja S. and Mandić, Violeta and Bijelić, Zorica and Božić, M.",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Fusarium graminearum as the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and its ability to produce trichothecenes was investigated by molecular techniques. A total of 37 strains isolated from the wheat, harvested in Serbia in 2005, 2008 and 2015, and previously designated by morphological observation as F. graminearum, were used for trichothecene genotypes characterization. The strains were identified using the species-specific primer set FG16R/FG16F while genotypic characterization was done using specific TRI13 and TRI3 sequences of the trichothecene gene clusters. The PCR assays identified all strains as species of F. graminearum sensu stricto with the DON/15-ADON genotype. The quantification of the mycotoxin (DON) was performed using the biochemical assay. The high levels of DON (>20,000 µg kg-1) were recorded in all of the strains from 2005, four strains from 2008 and two strains from 2015. Weather data of the investigated seasons, showed that the optimal temperature, frequent rains and high relative humidity (RH) was very favourable for the development of F. graminearum, affecting the DON biosynthesis.",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
journal = "Toxins",
title = "Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia",
volume = "10",
number = "11",
doi = "10.3390/toxins10110460"
}

Krnjaja, V., Stanković, S. Ž., Obradović, A., Petrović, T. S., Mandić, V., Bijelić, Z.,& Božić, M.. (2018). Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia. in Toxins
MDPI AG., 10(11).
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110460

Krnjaja V, Stanković SŽ, Obradović A, Petrović TS, Mandić V, Bijelić Z, Božić M. Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia. in Toxins. 2018;10(11).
doi:10.3390/toxins10110460 .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Obradović, A., Petrović, Tanja S., Mandić, Violeta, Bijelić, Zorica, Božić, M., "Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia" in Toxins, 10, no. 11 (2018),
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110460 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Lukić, Miloš
AU  - Mićić, Nenad
AU  - Petrović, Tanja S.
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/549
AB  - This study was carried out in order to investigate the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungi and levels of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the maize stored immediately after harvesting in 2016 and used for animal feed in Serbia. A total of 22 maize samples were collected from four different districts across the country: City of Belgrade (nine samples), Šumadija (eight samples), Podunavlje (four samples) and Kolubara (one sample). Toxigenic fungi were identified according to the morphological characteristics whereas the mycotoxins contamination were detected using biochemistry enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent (ELISA) assay. The tested samples were mostly infected with Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp., except that one sample originated from Kolubara was not contaminated with Aspergillus species. Fusarium graminearum was the most common species in the maize sample from Kolubara district (60%), F. verticillioides in the maize samples from Podunavlje (43.75%) and City of Belgrade (22.4%) districts, and Penicillium spp. in the maize samples from Šumadija district (26.38%). In the analysed maize samples the presence of Aspergillus species was low (0-1.78%). Mycotoxicological analysis revealed the presence of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in all the investigated samples, except that DON and AFB1 were not recorded in the samples from Podunavlje and Kolubara districts, respectively. The investigated samples were highly contaminated with ZEA, with incidence of 100% for the samples from Šumadija, Podunavlje and Kolubara districts and 88.89% for the samples from City of Belgrade district. In addition, the samples contamination with DON was 100% and 22.2% for the samples from Šumadija, Kolubara and City of Belgrade, districts, respectively. The highest number of AFB1 positive samples was found in Šumadija district (87.5%), while in the City of Belgrade and Podunavlje districts, 55.56% and 50% AFB1 positive samples were established, respectively. Generally, remarkable infection of all the tested samples with toxigenic fungal species from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera were recorded. In addition, high contamination with mycotoxins ZEA, DON and AFB1 were also recorded; nevertheless, only in one sample the level of DON exceeded the allowed legal limit (1750 μg kg-1 ) according to Regulation for unprocessed maize. Therefore, permanent mycological and mycotoxicological analyses of maize grain are necessary for risk assessment of fungal and mycotoxin contamination throughout the food chain.
AB  - Ispitivanja u ovom radu izvedena su s ciljem da se odredi prirodna pojava potencijalno toksigenih gljiva iz rodova Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium i sadržaj mikotoksina zearalenona (ZEA), deoksinivalenola (DON) i aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) u kukuruzu uskladištenom neposredno posle berbe u 2016. godini i korišćenom za ishranu životinja. Ukupno 22 uzoraka zrna kukuruza sakupljeni su iz četiri regiona u Srbiji: Beogradski (devet uzoraka), Šumadijski (osam uzoraka), Podunavski (četiri uzorka) i Kolubarski (jedan uzorak). Toksigene vrste gljiva su identifikovane na osnovu morfoloških osobina, a sadržaj mikotoksina određen je pomoću biohemijske, imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). Ispitivani uzorci kukuruza većinom su bili inficirani sa Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium spp., izuzev što u uzorku iz Kolubarskog regiona nisu bile identifikovane Aspergillus vrste. Fusarium graminearum bila je najučestalija vrsta u uzorku kukuruza iz Kolubarskog regiona (60%), F. verticillioides u uzorcima iz Podunavskog (43,75%) i Beogradskog regiona (22,4%) i Penicillium spp. u uzorcima iz Šumadijskog regiona (26,38%). U ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza zastupljenost Aspergillus vrsta bila je niska (0-1,78%). Mikotoksikološkim analizama ustanovljeno je prisustvo zearalenona (ZEA), deoksinivalenola (DON) i aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) u svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza, izuzev što DON nije detektovan u uzorcima iz Podunavskog a AFB1 u uzorku iz Kolubarskog regiona. Ispitivani uzorci su visoko kontaminirani sa ZEA, 100% uzoraka iz Šumadijskog, Podunavskog i Kolubarskog regiona i 88,89% uzoraka iz Beogradskog regiona. Isto tako, sa DON bilo je kontaminirano 100% uzoraka iz Šumadijskog i Kolubarskog regiona i 22,2% iz Beogradskog regiona. Najveći broj AFB1 pozitivnih uzoraka ustanovljen je u Šumadijskom regionu (87,5%), dok je u Beogradskom i Podunavskom regionu ustanovljeno 55,56% i 50% AFB1 pozitivnih uzoraka, respektivno. Uopšteno razmatrajući, u ovim analizama ustanovljena je visoka zastupljenost toksigenih vrsta u svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza. Isto tako, ustanovljena je visoka kontaminiranost uzoraka sa mikotoksinima ZEA, DON i AFB1, iako je samo u jednom uzorku sadržaj DON premašio dozvoljeni limit (1750 μg kg-1 ) prema zakonskoj regulativi za neprerađeni kukuruz. Zbog toga, stalne mikološke i mikotoksikološke analize zrna kukuruza neophodne su radi ocene rizika od gljivične i mikotoksin kontaminacije u lancu ishrane.
PB  - Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia
T1  - Kontaminacija toksigenim vrstama gljiva i njihovim mikotoksinima uzoraka kukuruza iz različitih regiona u Srbiji
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SP  - 239
EP  - 249
DO  - 10.2298/bah1802239K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Lukić, Miloš and Mićić, Nenad and Petrović, Tanja S. and Bijelić, Zorica and Mandić, Violeta",
year = "2018",
abstract = "This study was carried out in order to investigate the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungi and levels of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the maize stored immediately after harvesting in 2016 and used for animal feed in Serbia. A total of 22 maize samples were collected from four different districts across the country: City of Belgrade (nine samples), Šumadija (eight samples), Podunavlje (four samples) and Kolubara (one sample). Toxigenic fungi were identified according to the morphological characteristics whereas the mycotoxins contamination were detected using biochemistry enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent (ELISA) assay. The tested samples were mostly infected with Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp., except that one sample originated from Kolubara was not contaminated with Aspergillus species. Fusarium graminearum was the most common species in the maize sample from Kolubara district (60%), F. verticillioides in the maize samples from Podunavlje (43.75%) and City of Belgrade (22.4%) districts, and Penicillium spp. in the maize samples from Šumadija district (26.38%). In the analysed maize samples the presence of Aspergillus species was low (0-1.78%). Mycotoxicological analysis revealed the presence of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in all the investigated samples, except that DON and AFB1 were not recorded in the samples from Podunavlje and Kolubara districts, respectively. The investigated samples were highly contaminated with ZEA, with incidence of 100% for the samples from Šumadija, Podunavlje and Kolubara districts and 88.89% for the samples from City of Belgrade district. In addition, the samples contamination with DON was 100% and 22.2% for the samples from Šumadija, Kolubara and City of Belgrade, districts, respectively. The highest number of AFB1 positive samples was found in Šumadija district (87.5%), while in the City of Belgrade and Podunavlje districts, 55.56% and 50% AFB1 positive samples were established, respectively. Generally, remarkable infection of all the tested samples with toxigenic fungal species from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera were recorded. In addition, high contamination with mycotoxins ZEA, DON and AFB1 were also recorded; nevertheless, only in one sample the level of DON exceeded the allowed legal limit (1750 μg kg-1 ) according to Regulation for unprocessed maize. Therefore, permanent mycological and mycotoxicological analyses of maize grain are necessary for risk assessment of fungal and mycotoxin contamination throughout the food chain., Ispitivanja u ovom radu izvedena su s ciljem da se odredi prirodna pojava potencijalno toksigenih gljiva iz rodova Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium i sadržaj mikotoksina zearalenona (ZEA), deoksinivalenola (DON) i aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) u kukuruzu uskladištenom neposredno posle berbe u 2016. godini i korišćenom za ishranu životinja. Ukupno 22 uzoraka zrna kukuruza sakupljeni su iz četiri regiona u Srbiji: Beogradski (devet uzoraka), Šumadijski (osam uzoraka), Podunavski (četiri uzorka) i Kolubarski (jedan uzorak). Toksigene vrste gljiva su identifikovane na osnovu morfoloških osobina, a sadržaj mikotoksina određen je pomoću biohemijske, imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). Ispitivani uzorci kukuruza većinom su bili inficirani sa Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium spp., izuzev što u uzorku iz Kolubarskog regiona nisu bile identifikovane Aspergillus vrste. Fusarium graminearum bila je najučestalija vrsta u uzorku kukuruza iz Kolubarskog regiona (60%), F. verticillioides u uzorcima iz Podunavskog (43,75%) i Beogradskog regiona (22,4%) i Penicillium spp. u uzorcima iz Šumadijskog regiona (26,38%). U ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza zastupljenost Aspergillus vrsta bila je niska (0-1,78%). Mikotoksikološkim analizama ustanovljeno je prisustvo zearalenona (ZEA), deoksinivalenola (DON) i aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) u svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza, izuzev što DON nije detektovan u uzorcima iz Podunavskog a AFB1 u uzorku iz Kolubarskog regiona. Ispitivani uzorci su visoko kontaminirani sa ZEA, 100% uzoraka iz Šumadijskog, Podunavskog i Kolubarskog regiona i 88,89% uzoraka iz Beogradskog regiona. Isto tako, sa DON bilo je kontaminirano 100% uzoraka iz Šumadijskog i Kolubarskog regiona i 22,2% iz Beogradskog regiona. Najveći broj AFB1 pozitivnih uzoraka ustanovljen je u Šumadijskom regionu (87,5%), dok je u Beogradskom i Podunavskom regionu ustanovljeno 55,56% i 50% AFB1 pozitivnih uzoraka, respektivno. Uopšteno razmatrajući, u ovim analizama ustanovljena je visoka zastupljenost toksigenih vrsta u svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza. Isto tako, ustanovljena je visoka kontaminiranost uzoraka sa mikotoksinima ZEA, DON i AFB1, iako je samo u jednom uzorku sadržaj DON premašio dozvoljeni limit (1750 μg kg-1 ) prema zakonskoj regulativi za neprerađeni kukuruz. Zbog toga, stalne mikološke i mikotoksikološke analize zrna kukuruza neophodne su radi ocene rizika od gljivične i mikotoksin kontaminacije u lancu ishrane.",
publisher = "Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia, Kontaminacija toksigenim vrstama gljiva i njihovim mikotoksinima uzoraka kukuruza iz različitih regiona u Srbiji",
volume = "34",
number = "2",
pages = "239-249",
doi = "10.2298/bah1802239K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Stanković, S. Ž., Lukić, M., Mićić, N., Petrović, T. S., Bijelić, Z.,& Mandić, V.. (2018). Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade., 34(2), 239-249.
https://doi.org/10.2298/bah1802239K

Krnjaja V, Stanković SŽ, Lukić M, Mićić N, Petrović TS, Bijelić Z, Mandić V. Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2018;34(2):239-249.
doi:10.2298/bah1802239K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Lukić, Miloš, Mićić, Nenad, Petrović, Tanja S., Bijelić, Zorica, Mandić, Violeta, "Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 34, no. 2 (2018):239-249,
https://doi.org/10.2298/bah1802239K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obradović, Ana
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Nikolic, Ana
AU  - Ignjatović-Micić, Dragana
AU  - Stepanović, Jelena
AU  - Duduk, Bojan
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/526
AB  - Diversity of trichothecene chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum isolated from kernels of wheat, barley and maize grown under various agro-ecological conditions on 13 locations was analysed. Sixteen strains were tested for the effective capability to produce 15-ADON, 3-ADON and NIV, by using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. Fourteen out of sixteen analyzed strains produced 15ADON, while remaining two were of the 3-ADON chemotype. Multiplex PCR reaction with two sets of specific primers for TRI3 and TRI12 genes was applied to identify trichothecene chemotypes (3-ADON, 15-ADON and NIV). The expected sizes of amplified fragments for TRI3 gene primer set are 840 bp (NIV), 610 bp (15-ADON) and 243 bp (3-ADON). The amplified fragments for TRI12 gene primer set should be 840 bp (NIV), 670 bp (15-ADON) and 410 bp (3-ADON). All F. graminearum isolates were of the 15-ADON chemotype, i. e. their bands were 610 bp and 670 bp size for TRI3 and TRI12 genes, respectively. The results indicate that genotypic characterisation does not correspond to determined chemotypes and this is a reason why the analyses for the risk of mycotoxins contamination should not be based only on trichotecene genotype determination. Due to high temperature differences in cereal growing regions in Serbia, the presence of other chemotypes could be expected. In order to determine whether besides 15-ADON there are other F. graminearum chemotypes on wheat, barley and maize kernels, further studies should include a large number of isolates from different agro-ecological conditions.
PB  - Serbian Genetics Society, Belgrade
T2  - Genetika-Belgrade
T1  - Trichothecene chemotype diversity of fusarium graminearum isolated from wheat, maize and barley in Serbia
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
SP  - 355
EP  - 364
DO  - 10.2298/GENSR1701355O
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Obradović, Ana and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Krnjaja, Vesna and Nikolic, Ana and Ignjatović-Micić, Dragana and Stepanović, Jelena and Duduk, Bojan",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Diversity of trichothecene chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum isolated from kernels of wheat, barley and maize grown under various agro-ecological conditions on 13 locations was analysed. Sixteen strains were tested for the effective capability to produce 15-ADON, 3-ADON and NIV, by using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. Fourteen out of sixteen analyzed strains produced 15ADON, while remaining two were of the 3-ADON chemotype. Multiplex PCR reaction with two sets of specific primers for TRI3 and TRI12 genes was applied to identify trichothecene chemotypes (3-ADON, 15-ADON and NIV). The expected sizes of amplified fragments for TRI3 gene primer set are 840 bp (NIV), 610 bp (15-ADON) and 243 bp (3-ADON). The amplified fragments for TRI12 gene primer set should be 840 bp (NIV), 670 bp (15-ADON) and 410 bp (3-ADON). All F. graminearum isolates were of the 15-ADON chemotype, i. e. their bands were 610 bp and 670 bp size for TRI3 and TRI12 genes, respectively. The results indicate that genotypic characterisation does not correspond to determined chemotypes and this is a reason why the analyses for the risk of mycotoxins contamination should not be based only on trichotecene genotype determination. Due to high temperature differences in cereal growing regions in Serbia, the presence of other chemotypes could be expected. In order to determine whether besides 15-ADON there are other F. graminearum chemotypes on wheat, barley and maize kernels, further studies should include a large number of isolates from different agro-ecological conditions.",
publisher = "Serbian Genetics Society, Belgrade",
journal = "Genetika-Belgrade",
title = "Trichothecene chemotype diversity of fusarium graminearum isolated from wheat, maize and barley in Serbia",
volume = "49",
number = "1",
pages = "355-364",
doi = "10.2298/GENSR1701355O"
}

Obradović, A., Stanković, S. Ž., Krnjaja, V., Nikolic, A., Ignjatović-Micić, D., Stepanović, J.,& Duduk, B.. (2017). Trichothecene chemotype diversity of fusarium graminearum isolated from wheat, maize and barley in Serbia. in Genetika-Belgrade
Serbian Genetics Society, Belgrade., 49(1), 355-364.
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1701355O

Obradović A, Stanković SŽ, Krnjaja V, Nikolic A, Ignjatović-Micić D, Stepanović J, Duduk B. Trichothecene chemotype diversity of fusarium graminearum isolated from wheat, maize and barley in Serbia. in Genetika-Belgrade. 2017;49(1):355-364.
doi:10.2298/GENSR1701355O .

Obradović, Ana, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Krnjaja, Vesna, Nikolic, Ana, Ignjatović-Micić, Dragana, Stepanović, Jelena, Duduk, Bojan, "Trichothecene chemotype diversity of fusarium graminearum isolated from wheat, maize and barley in Serbia" in Genetika-Belgrade, 49, no. 1 (2017):355-364,
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1701355O . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Stanojković, Aleksandar
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Lukić, Miloš
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Mićić, Nenad
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/525
AB  - In this study, the total fungal count and contamination with toxigenic fungi from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera of 127 maize grain samples collected from animal farms in subrbs of Belgrade area during 2012-2015, were determined. The total fungal count was determined using a dilution method, and standard mycological procedures were used to identify potential toxigenic fungi genera. In the tested samples of maize grains, the total fungal count was from 1 x 101 to 3 x 106 cfu g-1. No statistically significant differences between investigated years in regard to the mean total fungal count were determined. According to the Regulation on the quality of animal feed of the Republic of Serbia, the total fungal count above permitted limit (2 x 105 cfu g-1) was established in 9.52, 7.89, 20.69 and 55.56% tested samples in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Potentially toxigenic fungi from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillim genera have been identified as the most common in all the samples. In most of the samples, based on the average value for the four-year period (2012-2015), Fusarium species (92.22%) have been identified, followed by the species of the genera Aspergillus (80.83%) and Penicillium (48.68%). A weak positive correlation was established between the moisture content of the samples and the total fungal count in 2012 (r=0.41), in 2013 (r=0.27) and in 2014 (r=0.36) and the medium positive correlation (r=0.61) in 2015. Based on the results of mycological analysis of grain maize it can be concluded that the test samples in a relatively large number did not meet the criteria of hygienic quality. Therefore, regular and continuous control of the mycological quality of maize grain as the most important nutrient in animal nutrition is necessary as a preventive measure to reduce and control contamination of grain with mycotoxigenic fungi.
AB  - Ukupan broj gljiva i kontaminacija s potencijalno toksigenim vrstama iz rodova Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium određivani su u 127 uzoraka zrna kukuruza koji su sakupljeni na farmama u okolini Beograda tokom četvorogodišnjeg perioda (2012-2015). Primenom metode razređenja određen je ukupan broj gljiva, dok su standardne mikološke metode korišćene za identifikaciju potencijalno toksigenih rodova gljiva. U ispitivanim uzorcima zrna kukuruza ukupan broj gljiva je bio od 1 x 101 do 3 x 106 cfu g-1. Između ispitivanih godina nisu ustanovljene statističke značajne razlike u prosečnim vrednostima ukupnog broja gljiva. Prema Pravilniku Republike Srbije o kvalitetu hrane za životinje, u hranivima biljnog porekla, ukupan broj gljiva iznad dozvoljenog limita (2 x 105 cfu g-1) ustanovljen je u 9,52, 7,89, 20,69 i 55,56% ispitivanih uzoraka u 2012., 2013., 2014. i 2015. godini, respektivno. Od potencijalno toksigenih gljiva identifikovane su Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillim vrste kao najučestalije u svim ispitivanim uzorcima. U najvećem broju uzoraka, na osnovu prosečnih vrednosti u četvorogodišnjem periodu (2012-2015), identifikovane su Fusarium vrste (92.22%), zatim vrste iz rodova Aspergillus (80.83%) i Penicillium (48.68%). Između sadržaja vlage ispitivanih uzoraka i ukupnog broja gljiva ustanovljena je slaba pozitivna korelacija u 2012. (r=0.41), 2013. (r=0.27) i 2014. godini (r=0.36) i srednje pozitivna korelacija (r=0.61) u 2015. godini. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata mikološke analize zrna kukuruza može se zaključiti da ispitivani uzorci u relativno velikom broju ne zadovoljavaju kriterijume higijenskog kvaliteta. Zbog toga, redovna i stalna kontrola mikološkog kvaliteta zrna kukuruza kao najvažnijeg hraniva u ishrani životinja je neophodna preventivna mera za smanjenje i kontrolu kontaminacije zrna s mikotoksigenim gljivama.
PB  - Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Fungal contamination of maize grain samples with a special focus on toxigenic genera
T1  - Kontaminacija uzoraka zrna kukuruza gljivama s posebnim osvrtom na toksigene rodove
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
SP  - 233
EP  - 241
DO  - 10.2298/BAH1702233K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Stanojković, Aleksandar and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Lukić, Miloš and Bijelić, Zorica and Mandić, Violeta and Mićić, Nenad",
year = "2017",
abstract = "In this study, the total fungal count and contamination with toxigenic fungi from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera of 127 maize grain samples collected from animal farms in subrbs of Belgrade area during 2012-2015, were determined. The total fungal count was determined using a dilution method, and standard mycological procedures were used to identify potential toxigenic fungi genera. In the tested samples of maize grains, the total fungal count was from 1 x 101 to 3 x 106 cfu g-1. No statistically significant differences between investigated years in regard to the mean total fungal count were determined. According to the Regulation on the quality of animal feed of the Republic of Serbia, the total fungal count above permitted limit (2 x 105 cfu g-1) was established in 9.52, 7.89, 20.69 and 55.56% tested samples in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Potentially toxigenic fungi from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillim genera have been identified as the most common in all the samples. In most of the samples, based on the average value for the four-year period (2012-2015), Fusarium species (92.22%) have been identified, followed by the species of the genera Aspergillus (80.83%) and Penicillium (48.68%). A weak positive correlation was established between the moisture content of the samples and the total fungal count in 2012 (r=0.41), in 2013 (r=0.27) and in 2014 (r=0.36) and the medium positive correlation (r=0.61) in 2015. Based on the results of mycological analysis of grain maize it can be concluded that the test samples in a relatively large number did not meet the criteria of hygienic quality. Therefore, regular and continuous control of the mycological quality of maize grain as the most important nutrient in animal nutrition is necessary as a preventive measure to reduce and control contamination of grain with mycotoxigenic fungi., Ukupan broj gljiva i kontaminacija s potencijalno toksigenim vrstama iz rodova Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium određivani su u 127 uzoraka zrna kukuruza koji su sakupljeni na farmama u okolini Beograda tokom četvorogodišnjeg perioda (2012-2015). Primenom metode razređenja određen je ukupan broj gljiva, dok su standardne mikološke metode korišćene za identifikaciju potencijalno toksigenih rodova gljiva. U ispitivanim uzorcima zrna kukuruza ukupan broj gljiva je bio od 1 x 101 do 3 x 106 cfu g-1. Između ispitivanih godina nisu ustanovljene statističke značajne razlike u prosečnim vrednostima ukupnog broja gljiva. Prema Pravilniku Republike Srbije o kvalitetu hrane za životinje, u hranivima biljnog porekla, ukupan broj gljiva iznad dozvoljenog limita (2 x 105 cfu g-1) ustanovljen je u 9,52, 7,89, 20,69 i 55,56% ispitivanih uzoraka u 2012., 2013., 2014. i 2015. godini, respektivno. Od potencijalno toksigenih gljiva identifikovane su Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillim vrste kao najučestalije u svim ispitivanim uzorcima. U najvećem broju uzoraka, na osnovu prosečnih vrednosti u četvorogodišnjem periodu (2012-2015), identifikovane su Fusarium vrste (92.22%), zatim vrste iz rodova Aspergillus (80.83%) i Penicillium (48.68%). Između sadržaja vlage ispitivanih uzoraka i ukupnog broja gljiva ustanovljena je slaba pozitivna korelacija u 2012. (r=0.41), 2013. (r=0.27) i 2014. godini (r=0.36) i srednje pozitivna korelacija (r=0.61) u 2015. godini. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata mikološke analize zrna kukuruza može se zaključiti da ispitivani uzorci u relativno velikom broju ne zadovoljavaju kriterijume higijenskog kvaliteta. Zbog toga, redovna i stalna kontrola mikološkog kvaliteta zrna kukuruza kao najvažnijeg hraniva u ishrani životinja je neophodna preventivna mera za smanjenje i kontrolu kontaminacije zrna s mikotoksigenim gljivama.",
publisher = "Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Fungal contamination of maize grain samples with a special focus on toxigenic genera, Kontaminacija uzoraka zrna kukuruza gljivama s posebnim osvrtom na toksigene rodove",
volume = "33",
number = "2",
pages = "233-241",
doi = "10.2298/BAH1702233K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Stanojković, A., Stanković, S. Ž., Lukić, M., Bijelić, Z., Mandić, V.,& Mićić, N.. (2017). Fungal contamination of maize grain samples with a special focus on toxigenic genera. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade., 33(2), 233-241.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1702233K

Krnjaja V, Stanojković A, Stanković SŽ, Lukić M, Bijelić Z, Mandić V, Mićić N. Fungal contamination of maize grain samples with a special focus on toxigenic genera. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2017;33(2):233-241.
doi:10.2298/BAH1702233K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Stanojković, Aleksandar, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Lukić, Miloš, Bijelić, Zorica, Mandić, Violeta, Mićić, Nenad, "Fungal contamination of maize grain samples with a special focus on toxigenic genera" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 33, no. 2 (2017):233-241,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1702233K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Obradović, Ana
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Vasić, Tanja
AU  - Jauković, Marko M.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/503
AB  - In the present study, the frequency of toxigenic fungi and occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total fumonisins (FBs) in the kernels of six maize hybrids from different FAO maturity groups (ZP 341, ZP 427, ZP 434, ZP 560, ZP 606, ZP 666) in three localities (Belosavci, Lađevci and Divci) in Serbia, during the harvest in 2013, was investigated. Using standard mycological tests of maize kernels, the presence of potentially toxigenic fungi species from the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium was found. In the studied localities, species Fusarium verticillioides was the most frequently isolated from the most hybrids, with a maximum frequency of 30%, while the presence of Aspergillus spp. ranged from 0 to 16%, and Penicillium spp. from 0 to 20%. By applying Immunoadsorbent enzymatic assay (ELISA) the concentrations of AFB1, DON and FBs were determined in maize. The differences between tested hybrids in the level of mycotoxins in kernels were statistically significant (P≤0.01) for DON and FBs, but not for the content of AFB1. Also, the interaction between the hybrid and location was significant (P≤0.01) for the level of DON and FBs, while there was no statistical significance for the level of AFB1. Maximum values of AFB1, DON and FBs level were 1.02 μg kg-1 (ZP 427), 12 μg kg-1 (ZP 341) and 1528.56 μg kg-1 (ZP 427). The concentrations of the tested mycotoxins in kernels did not exceed the maximum allowed limits stipulated by Serbian regulations (Službeni glasnik RS, 2014). Given that agro-ecological conditions in Serbia are favourable for the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins, it is necessary to exert the control of maize kernels annually, in harvest and postharvest periods.
AB  - U radu je ispitivana učestalost potencijalno toksigenih vrsta gljiva i prirodna pojava aflatoksina B1 (AFB1), deoksinivalenola (DON) i ukupnih fumonizina (FBs) u zrnu šest hibrida kukuruza iz različitih FAO grupa zrenja (ZP 341, ZP 427, ZP 434, ZP 560, ZP 606, ZP 666) u tri lokaliteta (Belosavci, Lađevci i Divci) u Srbiji, tokom berbe u 2013. godini. Primenom standardnih mikoloških ispitivanja zrna kukuruza ustanovljeno je prisustvo potencijalno toksigenih vrsta gljiva iz tri roda: Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium. U ispitivanim lokalitetima, vrsta Fusarium verticillioides je bila najčešće izolovana kod većine hibrida, sa maksimalnom učestalošću od 30%, dok je prisustvo Aspergillus spp. bilo od 0 do 16%, a Penicillium spp. od 0 do 20%. Primenom imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA) određen je sadržaj AFB1, DON i FBs u zrnu kukuruza. Razlike između ispitivanih hibrida u sadržaju mikotoksina u zrnu bile su statistički značajne (P≤0,01) za DON i FBs, ali ne i za sadržaj AFB1. Isto tako, interakcija između hibrida i lokaliteta je bila značajna (P≤0,01) za sadržaj DON i FBs, dok nije bilo statističke značajnosti za sadržaj AFB1. Maksimalne koncentracije AFB1, DON i FBs bile su 1,02 μg kg-1 (ZP 427), 12 μg kg-1 (ZP 341) i 1528,56 μg kg-1 (ZP 427). U zrnu kukuruza sadržaj ispitivanih mikotoksina nije premašio maksimalno dozvoljene vrednosti propisane Pravilnikom o maksimalno dozvoljenim količinama ostataka sredstava za zaštitu bilja u hrani i hrani za životinje i o hrani i hrani za životinje za koju se utvrđuju maksimalno dozvoljene količine ostataka sredstava za zaštitu bilja (Službeni glasnik RS, 2014). S obzirom da su agroekološki uslovi u Srbiji povoljni za pojavu toksigenih gljiva i njihovih mikotoksina, neophodno je svake godine vršiti kontrolu zrna kukuruza, kako u žetvenom, tako i u postžetvenom periodu.
PB  - Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize hybrids in different maturity groups
T1  - Kontaminacija gljivama i mikotoksinima hibrida kukuruza različite grupe zrenja
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
SP  - 71
EP  - 81
DO  - 10.2298/BAH1601071K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Obradović, Ana and Mandić, Violeta and Bijelić, Zorica and Vasić, Tanja and Jauković, Marko M.",
year = "2016",
abstract = "In the present study, the frequency of toxigenic fungi and occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total fumonisins (FBs) in the kernels of six maize hybrids from different FAO maturity groups (ZP 341, ZP 427, ZP 434, ZP 560, ZP 606, ZP 666) in three localities (Belosavci, Lađevci and Divci) in Serbia, during the harvest in 2013, was investigated. Using standard mycological tests of maize kernels, the presence of potentially toxigenic fungi species from the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium was found. In the studied localities, species Fusarium verticillioides was the most frequently isolated from the most hybrids, with a maximum frequency of 30%, while the presence of Aspergillus spp. ranged from 0 to 16%, and Penicillium spp. from 0 to 20%. By applying Immunoadsorbent enzymatic assay (ELISA) the concentrations of AFB1, DON and FBs were determined in maize. The differences between tested hybrids in the level of mycotoxins in kernels were statistically significant (P≤0.01) for DON and FBs, but not for the content of AFB1. Also, the interaction between the hybrid and location was significant (P≤0.01) for the level of DON and FBs, while there was no statistical significance for the level of AFB1. Maximum values of AFB1, DON and FBs level were 1.02 μg kg-1 (ZP 427), 12 μg kg-1 (ZP 341) and 1528.56 μg kg-1 (ZP 427). The concentrations of the tested mycotoxins in kernels did not exceed the maximum allowed limits stipulated by Serbian regulations (Službeni glasnik RS, 2014). Given that agro-ecological conditions in Serbia are favourable for the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins, it is necessary to exert the control of maize kernels annually, in harvest and postharvest periods., U radu je ispitivana učestalost potencijalno toksigenih vrsta gljiva i prirodna pojava aflatoksina B1 (AFB1), deoksinivalenola (DON) i ukupnih fumonizina (FBs) u zrnu šest hibrida kukuruza iz različitih FAO grupa zrenja (ZP 341, ZP 427, ZP 434, ZP 560, ZP 606, ZP 666) u tri lokaliteta (Belosavci, Lađevci i Divci) u Srbiji, tokom berbe u 2013. godini. Primenom standardnih mikoloških ispitivanja zrna kukuruza ustanovljeno je prisustvo potencijalno toksigenih vrsta gljiva iz tri roda: Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium. U ispitivanim lokalitetima, vrsta Fusarium verticillioides je bila najčešće izolovana kod većine hibrida, sa maksimalnom učestalošću od 30%, dok je prisustvo Aspergillus spp. bilo od 0 do 16%, a Penicillium spp. od 0 do 20%. Primenom imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA) određen je sadržaj AFB1, DON i FBs u zrnu kukuruza. Razlike između ispitivanih hibrida u sadržaju mikotoksina u zrnu bile su statistički značajne (P≤0,01) za DON i FBs, ali ne i za sadržaj AFB1. Isto tako, interakcija između hibrida i lokaliteta je bila značajna (P≤0,01) za sadržaj DON i FBs, dok nije bilo statističke značajnosti za sadržaj AFB1. Maksimalne koncentracije AFB1, DON i FBs bile su 1,02 μg kg-1 (ZP 427), 12 μg kg-1 (ZP 341) i 1528,56 μg kg-1 (ZP 427). U zrnu kukuruza sadržaj ispitivanih mikotoksina nije premašio maksimalno dozvoljene vrednosti propisane Pravilnikom o maksimalno dozvoljenim količinama ostataka sredstava za zaštitu bilja u hrani i hrani za životinje i o hrani i hrani za životinje za koju se utvrđuju maksimalno dozvoljene količine ostataka sredstava za zaštitu bilja (Službeni glasnik RS, 2014). S obzirom da su agroekološki uslovi u Srbiji povoljni za pojavu toksigenih gljiva i njihovih mikotoksina, neophodno je svake godine vršiti kontrolu zrna kukuruza, kako u žetvenom, tako i u postžetvenom periodu.",
publisher = "Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize hybrids in different maturity groups, Kontaminacija gljivama i mikotoksinima hibrida kukuruza različite grupe zrenja",
volume = "32",
number = "1",
pages = "71-81",
doi = "10.2298/BAH1601071K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Stanković, S. Ž., Obradović, A., Mandić, V., Bijelić, Z., Vasić, T.,& Jauković, M. M.. (2016). Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize hybrids in different maturity groups. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade., 32(1), 71-81.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1601071K

Krnjaja V, Stanković SŽ, Obradović A, Mandić V, Bijelić Z, Vasić T, Jauković MM. Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize hybrids in different maturity groups. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2016;32(1):71-81.
doi:10.2298/BAH1601071K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Obradović, Ana, Mandić, Violeta, Bijelić, Zorica, Vasić, Tanja, Jauković, Marko M., "Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize hybrids in different maturity groups" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 32, no. 1 (2016):71-81,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1601071K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Lukić, Miloš
AU  - Delić, Nikola
AU  - Tomić, Zorica
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Gogić, Marija
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/464
AB  - The incidence of mycobiota and mycotoxin levels were investigated in the freshly harvested maize kernel samples from October 2014 and in the samples of stored maize kernels from February 2015. Toxigenic fungal species (moulds) were isolated, cultivated and identified on agar plates according to standard mycological methods, while mycotoxins were detected by enzymelinked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Mycological analyses of kernels showed the presence of toxigenic species from genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Among the Aspergillus species, Aspergillus flavus was identified with higher incidence in the stored kernels (10.25%), than in freshly harvested kernels (3.67%) whereas A. parasiticus was the predominant species in the freshly harvested kernels (4.17%) compared to the stored kernels (0%). From the genus Fusarium three species were identified: F. graminearum, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides, with the incidence of 1.08%, 8% and 25.75%, respectively in freshly harvested kernels and the incidence of 2.50%, 7.10% and 29.75%, respectively in the stored kernels. Species from genus Penicillium had higher incidence in freshly harvested kernels (14.25%) than in the stored kernels (9%). In addition, tested samples of harvested and stored maize kernels were 100% positive with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 (FBs). The mean levels of AFB1, DON and FBs were 2.77 μg kg-1, 117.83 μg kg-1, and 3700.84 μg kg-1, respectively in the freshly harvested kernels and a mean levels of 2.16 μg kg-1, 2034.40 μg kg-1, and 5976.50 μg kg-1, respectively in the stored maize kernels. In the freshly harvested maize kernel samples, statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive correlations of kernel moisture content with the incidence of Penicillium spp. (r = 0.47), and levels of AFB1 (r = 0.46) and FBs (r = 0.47), and between the incidence of Penicillium spp. and level of AFB1 (r = 0.53) were established. In the stored maize kernel samples, statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive correlations were found between the incidence of F. subglutinans and level of FBs (r = 0.50) and between levels AFB1 and FBs (r = 0.52). A highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) positive correlation was established between the incidence of F. verticillioides and level of FBs (r = 0.64) in freshly harvested maize kernel samples. These results indicate that the incidence of toxigenic fungi and levels of mycotoxins, in particular DON and FBs, were higher in the stored maize kernel samples than in freshly harvested maize kernels. Therefore, to prevent the development of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins accumulation in post-harvest period it is necessary to thoroughly dry maize and keep it in hygienic food storages.
AB  - U radu je proučavana učestalost mikobiota i sadržaj mikotoksina u uzorcima zrna kukuruza sakupljenih tokom berbe u oktobru 2014. godine i u uzorcima uskladištenog zrna sakupljenih u februaru 2015. godine. Toksigene vrste gljiva (plesni) su izolovane, odgajene i identifikovane na hranljivoj podlozi prema standardnim mikološkim metodama, dok je sadržaj mikotoksina detektovan primenom imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). Mikološkim analizama zrna kukuruza ustanovljeno je prisustvo toksigenih vrsta iz rodova Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Među Aspergillus vrstama, Aspergillus flavus je identifikovana u većem procentu u uzorcima uskladištenog zrna (10,25%) nego u uzorcima sveže požnjevenog zrna (3,67%), a A. parasiticus bila je predominantna vrsta (4,17%) u uzorcima sveže požnjevenog u odnosu na uskladišteno zrno kukuruza (0%). Tri vrste roda Fusarium su identifikovane sa učestalošću od 1,08% (F. graminearum), 8% (F. subglutinans) i 25,75% (F. verticillioides) u požnjevenom zrnu, i sa učestalošću od 2,50% (F. graminearum), 7,10% (F. subglutinans) i 29,75% (F. verticillioides) u uskladištenom zrnu kukuruza. Vrste iz roda Penicillium imale su veću učestalost u uzorcima požnjevenog (14,25%) nego u uzorcima uskladištenog zrna (9%). Ispitivani uzorci sveže požnjevenog i uskladištenog zrna bili su 100% pozitivni sa aflatoksinom B1 (AFB1), deoksinivalenolom (DON) i ukupnim fumonizinima FB1, FB2 i FB3 (FBs). Prosečne koncentracije ovih toksina su iznosile 2,77 μg kg-1 (AFB1), 117,83 μg kg-1 (DON) i 3700,84 μg kg-1 (FBs) u uzorcima sveže požnjevenog zrna i 2,16 μg kg-1 (AFB1), 2034,40 μg kg-1 (DON), i 5976,50 μg kg-1(FBs) u uzorcima uskladištenog zrna. Statistički značajne (P ≤ 0.05) pozitivne korelacije ustanovljene su između sadržaja vlage zrna sa učestalošću Penicillium spp. (r = 0,47) i koncentracijama AFB1 (r = 0,46) i FBs (r = 0,47), kao i između učestalosti Penicillium spp. i koncentracije AFB1 (r = 0,53). U uzorcima uskladištenog zrna, statistički značajne (P ≤ 0.05) pozitivne korelacije ustanovljene su između učestalosti F. subglutinans i koncentracije FBs (r = 0,50) i između koncentracija AFB1 i FBs (r = 0,52). Statistički veoma značajna (P ≤ 0.01) pozitivna korelacija ustanovljena je između učestalosti F. verticillioides i koncentracije FBs (r = 0,64) u uzorcima sveže požnjevenog zrna kukruza. Rezultati ovih istraživanja ukazuju da su učestalosti toksigenih vrsta gljiva i koncentracije mikotoksina, posebno DON i FBs, bile više u uzorcima uskladištenog zrna nego u uzorcima sveže požnjevenog zrna. Zbog toga, da bi se sprečio razvoj toksigenih gljiva i akumulacija mikotoksina u postžetvenom periodu neophodno je kukuruz dobro osušiti i čuvati u higijensko ispravnim skladištima.
PB  - Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Mycobiota and mycotoxins in freshly harvested and stored maize
T1  - Mikobiota i mikotoksini u sveže požnjevenom i uskladištenom zrnu kukuruza
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
SP  - 291
EP  - 302
DO  - 10.2298/BAH1502291K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Lukić, Miloš and Delić, Nikola and Tomić, Zorica and Mandić, Violeta and Bijelić, Zorica and Gogić, Marija",
year = "2015",
abstract = "The incidence of mycobiota and mycotoxin levels were investigated in the freshly harvested maize kernel samples from October 2014 and in the samples of stored maize kernels from February 2015. Toxigenic fungal species (moulds) were isolated, cultivated and identified on agar plates according to standard mycological methods, while mycotoxins were detected by enzymelinked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Mycological analyses of kernels showed the presence of toxigenic species from genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Among the Aspergillus species, Aspergillus flavus was identified with higher incidence in the stored kernels (10.25%), than in freshly harvested kernels (3.67%) whereas A. parasiticus was the predominant species in the freshly harvested kernels (4.17%) compared to the stored kernels (0%). From the genus Fusarium three species were identified: F. graminearum, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides, with the incidence of 1.08%, 8% and 25.75%, respectively in freshly harvested kernels and the incidence of 2.50%, 7.10% and 29.75%, respectively in the stored kernels. Species from genus Penicillium had higher incidence in freshly harvested kernels (14.25%) than in the stored kernels (9%). In addition, tested samples of harvested and stored maize kernels were 100% positive with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 (FBs). The mean levels of AFB1, DON and FBs were 2.77 μg kg-1, 117.83 μg kg-1, and 3700.84 μg kg-1, respectively in the freshly harvested kernels and a mean levels of 2.16 μg kg-1, 2034.40 μg kg-1, and 5976.50 μg kg-1, respectively in the stored maize kernels. In the freshly harvested maize kernel samples, statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive correlations of kernel moisture content with the incidence of Penicillium spp. (r = 0.47), and levels of AFB1 (r = 0.46) and FBs (r = 0.47), and between the incidence of Penicillium spp. and level of AFB1 (r = 0.53) were established. In the stored maize kernel samples, statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive correlations were found between the incidence of F. subglutinans and level of FBs (r = 0.50) and between levels AFB1 and FBs (r = 0.52). A highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) positive correlation was established between the incidence of F. verticillioides and level of FBs (r = 0.64) in freshly harvested maize kernel samples. These results indicate that the incidence of toxigenic fungi and levels of mycotoxins, in particular DON and FBs, were higher in the stored maize kernel samples than in freshly harvested maize kernels. Therefore, to prevent the development of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins accumulation in post-harvest period it is necessary to thoroughly dry maize and keep it in hygienic food storages., U radu je proučavana učestalost mikobiota i sadržaj mikotoksina u uzorcima zrna kukuruza sakupljenih tokom berbe u oktobru 2014. godine i u uzorcima uskladištenog zrna sakupljenih u februaru 2015. godine. Toksigene vrste gljiva (plesni) su izolovane, odgajene i identifikovane na hranljivoj podlozi prema standardnim mikološkim metodama, dok je sadržaj mikotoksina detektovan primenom imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). Mikološkim analizama zrna kukuruza ustanovljeno je prisustvo toksigenih vrsta iz rodova Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Među Aspergillus vrstama, Aspergillus flavus je identifikovana u većem procentu u uzorcima uskladištenog zrna (10,25%) nego u uzorcima sveže požnjevenog zrna (3,67%), a A. parasiticus bila je predominantna vrsta (4,17%) u uzorcima sveže požnjevenog u odnosu na uskladišteno zrno kukuruza (0%). Tri vrste roda Fusarium su identifikovane sa učestalošću od 1,08% (F. graminearum), 8% (F. subglutinans) i 25,75% (F. verticillioides) u požnjevenom zrnu, i sa učestalošću od 2,50% (F. graminearum), 7,10% (F. subglutinans) i 29,75% (F. verticillioides) u uskladištenom zrnu kukuruza. Vrste iz roda Penicillium imale su veću učestalost u uzorcima požnjevenog (14,25%) nego u uzorcima uskladištenog zrna (9%). Ispitivani uzorci sveže požnjevenog i uskladištenog zrna bili su 100% pozitivni sa aflatoksinom B1 (AFB1), deoksinivalenolom (DON) i ukupnim fumonizinima FB1, FB2 i FB3 (FBs). Prosečne koncentracije ovih toksina su iznosile 2,77 μg kg-1 (AFB1), 117,83 μg kg-1 (DON) i 3700,84 μg kg-1 (FBs) u uzorcima sveže požnjevenog zrna i 2,16 μg kg-1 (AFB1), 2034,40 μg kg-1 (DON), i 5976,50 μg kg-1(FBs) u uzorcima uskladištenog zrna. Statistički značajne (P ≤ 0.05) pozitivne korelacije ustanovljene su između sadržaja vlage zrna sa učestalošću Penicillium spp. (r = 0,47) i koncentracijama AFB1 (r = 0,46) i FBs (r = 0,47), kao i između učestalosti Penicillium spp. i koncentracije AFB1 (r = 0,53). U uzorcima uskladištenog zrna, statistički značajne (P ≤ 0.05) pozitivne korelacije ustanovljene su između učestalosti F. subglutinans i koncentracije FBs (r = 0,50) i između koncentracija AFB1 i FBs (r = 0,52). Statistički veoma značajna (P ≤ 0.01) pozitivna korelacija ustanovljena je između učestalosti F. verticillioides i koncentracije FBs (r = 0,64) u uzorcima sveže požnjevenog zrna kukruza. Rezultati ovih istraživanja ukazuju da su učestalosti toksigenih vrsta gljiva i koncentracije mikotoksina, posebno DON i FBs, bile više u uzorcima uskladištenog zrna nego u uzorcima sveže požnjevenog zrna. Zbog toga, da bi se sprečio razvoj toksigenih gljiva i akumulacija mikotoksina u postžetvenom periodu neophodno je kukuruz dobro osušiti i čuvati u higijensko ispravnim skladištima.",
publisher = "Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Mycobiota and mycotoxins in freshly harvested and stored maize, Mikobiota i mikotoksini u sveže požnjevenom i uskladištenom zrnu kukuruza",
volume = "31",
number = "2",
pages = "291-302",
doi = "10.2298/BAH1502291K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Lukić, M., Delić, N., Tomić, Z., Mandić, V., Bijelić, Z.,& Gogić, M.. (2015). Mycobiota and mycotoxins in freshly harvested and stored maize. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade., 31(2), 291-302.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1502291K

Krnjaja V, Lukić M, Delić N, Tomić Z, Mandić V, Bijelić Z, Gogić M. Mycobiota and mycotoxins in freshly harvested and stored maize. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2015;31(2):291-302.
doi:10.2298/BAH1502291K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Lukić, Miloš, Delić, Nikola, Tomić, Zorica, Mandić, Violeta, Bijelić, Zorica, Gogić, Marija, "Mycobiota and mycotoxins in freshly harvested and stored maize" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 31, no. 2 (2015):291-302,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1502291K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Petrović, Tanja S.
AU  - Vasić, Tanja
AU  - Obradović, Ana
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/453
AB  - In this study, the influence of nitrogen (N)-fertilization on Fusarium head blight (FHB) intensity (disease index), spike weight (SW), grain weight per spike (GWS), fungal incidence and deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) contamination was evaluated in winter wheat after artificial inoculation with Fuserium graminearum under field conditions. The trial was conducted using two Serbian wheat cultivars (Pobeda and Renesansa) during two growing seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012). Three nitrogen rates, 0, 75 and 150 kg N ha(-1) were evaluated. Nitrogen at higher rates (75 and 150 kg ha(-1)) significantly increased SW and GWS in 2011 but there was no significant impact on FHB index in both growing seasons. ;Cultivars did not differ significantly in SW and GWS; however, FHB index was significantly higher (P = 0.05) in Renesansa in 2012. The effect of N rates was not significant on incidence of F. graminearum and DON and ZON levels in wheat kernels in 2011, but it was significant (P  (lt) = 0.01) in 2012 in which the highest level of incidence of E graminearum and mycotoxins was observed in the treatment with 150 kg N ha(-1). In both growing seasons, the effects of cultivar and spike treatments were significant (P  (lt) = 0.01) for DON, whereas these effects were not significant for ZON in 2011. Higher levels of DON were observed in Pobeda, whereas Renesansa had higher levels of ZON. Furthermore, there were higher levels of DON and ZON in inoculated than non-inoculated spikes in both growing seasons. These results indicated that nitrogen fertilization did not increase FHB intensity in both growing seasons and did not increase levels of DON and ZON in 2011. On the other hand, artificial inoculation significantly increased FHB index in both growing seasons, resulting in greater contamination of kernels with E graminearum and mycotoxins, in particular DON. Although the two cultivars differed in their effects on some of the investigated parameters, both were susceptible to FHB and mycotoxin accumulation, in particular DON. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Crop Protection
T1  - Influence of N-fertilization on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat
VL  - 67
SP  - 251
EP  - 256
DO  - 10.1016/j.cropro.2014.11.001
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Mandić, Violeta and Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Petrović, Tanja S. and Vasić, Tanja and Obradović, Ana",
year = "2015",
abstract = "In this study, the influence of nitrogen (N)-fertilization on Fusarium head blight (FHB) intensity (disease index), spike weight (SW), grain weight per spike (GWS), fungal incidence and deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) contamination was evaluated in winter wheat after artificial inoculation with Fuserium graminearum under field conditions. The trial was conducted using two Serbian wheat cultivars (Pobeda and Renesansa) during two growing seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012). Three nitrogen rates, 0, 75 and 150 kg N ha(-1) were evaluated. Nitrogen at higher rates (75 and 150 kg ha(-1)) significantly increased SW and GWS in 2011 but there was no significant impact on FHB index in both growing seasons. ;Cultivars did not differ significantly in SW and GWS; however, FHB index was significantly higher (P = 0.05) in Renesansa in 2012. The effect of N rates was not significant on incidence of F. graminearum and DON and ZON levels in wheat kernels in 2011, but it was significant (P  (lt) = 0.01) in 2012 in which the highest level of incidence of E graminearum and mycotoxins was observed in the treatment with 150 kg N ha(-1). In both growing seasons, the effects of cultivar and spike treatments were significant (P  (lt) = 0.01) for DON, whereas these effects were not significant for ZON in 2011. Higher levels of DON were observed in Pobeda, whereas Renesansa had higher levels of ZON. Furthermore, there were higher levels of DON and ZON in inoculated than non-inoculated spikes in both growing seasons. These results indicated that nitrogen fertilization did not increase FHB intensity in both growing seasons and did not increase levels of DON and ZON in 2011. On the other hand, artificial inoculation significantly increased FHB index in both growing seasons, resulting in greater contamination of kernels with E graminearum and mycotoxins, in particular DON. Although the two cultivars differed in their effects on some of the investigated parameters, both were susceptible to FHB and mycotoxin accumulation, in particular DON. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Crop Protection",
title = "Influence of N-fertilization on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat",
volume = "67",
pages = "251-256",
doi = "10.1016/j.cropro.2014.11.001"
}

Krnjaja, V., Mandić, V., Lević, J., Stanković, S. Ž., Petrović, T. S., Vasić, T.,& Obradović, A.. (2015). Influence of N-fertilization on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat. in Crop Protection
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 67, 251-256.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.11.001

Krnjaja V, Mandić V, Lević J, Stanković SŽ, Petrović TS, Vasić T, Obradović A. Influence of N-fertilization on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat. in Crop Protection. 2015;67:251-256.
doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2014.11.001 .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Mandić, Violeta, Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Petrović, Tanja S., Vasić, Tanja, Obradović, Ana, "Influence of N-fertilization on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat" in Crop Protection, 67 (2015):251-256,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.11.001 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Tomić, Zorica
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Petrović, Tanja S.
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Obradović, A.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/472
AB  - In this paper, the incidence of Fusarium-infected grain of winter wheat and the content of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was studied in two Serbian cultivars Simonida and NS40S, both harvested in 2014. The level of Fusarium contamination of wheat grain was determined using phytopathological techniques based on the standard methodology while DON was detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The incidence of Fusarium-infected grain ranged from 12 to 19% for Simonida and NS40S, respectively. Fusarium graminearum, as well-known producer of DON mycotoxin, was identified among Fusarium species. In addition, Alternaria spp. was isolated in high percentage, with an average incidence of 53% (Simonida) to 63% (NS40S).The average content of DON ranged from 424 μg kg-1 to 1101 μg kg-1 for Simonida and NS40S cultivars, respectively. Statistically insignificant negative correlation (r = - 0.18) was determined between Fusariuminfected grain and DON in the cultivar Simonida and statistically insignificant positive correlation (r = 0.11) in the cultivar NS40S. The mean levels of DON in studied wheat samples of both tested cultivars were not higher than the maximum permitted limit (1250 μg kg-1) although the level of Fusarium-infected grain of both cultivars was relatively high. These results indicate that both wheat cultivars are susceptible to Fusarium infection and DON mycotoxin production in agro-ecological conditions of Serbia, but the cultivar NS40S being more susceptible compared to cultivar Simonida. In view of all stated above, regular health check of grains and developing strategies for integrated monitoring of incidence of Fusarium head blight are necessary preventive measures in protection of winter wheat.
AB  - U radu je proučavana incidenca Fusarium-zaraženih zrna ozime pšenice iz žetve 2014. godine kod dve domaće komercijalne sorte Simonida i NS40S, kao i sadržaj mikotoksina deoksinivalenola (DON). Nivo fuzariozne kontaminacije zrna pšenice određen je primenom fitopatoloških testova standardne metodologije a DON je detektovan primenom imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). Incidenca Fusarium-zaraženih zrna bila je u proseku za sve ispitivane uzorke od 12% (Simonida) do 19% (NS40S). Od Fusarium vrsta identifikovana je jedino Fusarium graminearum, kao dobro poznati producent DON mikotoksina. Pored ove gljivične vrste, u visokom procentu izolovana je Alternaria spp. sa prosečnom incidencom od 53% (Simonida) do 63% (NS40S). U ispitivanim uzorcima pšenice prosečan sadržaj DON bio je od 424 μg kg-1 (Simonida) do 1101 μg kg-1 (NS40S). Između Fusarium-zaraženih zrna i DON utvrđena je statistički neznačajna negativna korelacija (r = - 0.18) kod sorte Simonida i statistički neznačajna pozitivna korelacija (r = 0.11) kod sorte NS40S. Prosečne koncentracije DON u ispitivanim uzorcima pšenice kod obe ispitivane sorte nisu bile iznad maksimalno dozvoljenog limita iako je nivo fuzariozne kontaminacije zrna obe ispitivane sorte bio visok. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da su obe ispitivane sorte pšenice osetljive prema fuzarioznoj infekciji i produkciji DON mikotoksina u agroekološkim uslovima Srbije, s tim što je sorta NS40S osetljivija u odnosu na sortu Simonida. Zbog svega navedenog, redovna zdravstvena kontrola zrna i razvijanje strategije integralnog monitoringa fuzarioze klasa neophodne su preventivne mere borbe u zaštiti pšenice.
PB  - Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat
T1  - Fusarium infekcija i deoksinivalenol kontaminacija ozime pšenice
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
SP  - 123
EP  - 131
DO  - 10.2298/BAH1501123K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Tomić, Zorica and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Petrović, Tanja S. and Bijelić, Zorica and Mandić, Violeta and Obradović, A.",
year = "2015",
abstract = "In this paper, the incidence of Fusarium-infected grain of winter wheat and the content of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was studied in two Serbian cultivars Simonida and NS40S, both harvested in 2014. The level of Fusarium contamination of wheat grain was determined using phytopathological techniques based on the standard methodology while DON was detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The incidence of Fusarium-infected grain ranged from 12 to 19% for Simonida and NS40S, respectively. Fusarium graminearum, as well-known producer of DON mycotoxin, was identified among Fusarium species. In addition, Alternaria spp. was isolated in high percentage, with an average incidence of 53% (Simonida) to 63% (NS40S).The average content of DON ranged from 424 μg kg-1 to 1101 μg kg-1 for Simonida and NS40S cultivars, respectively. Statistically insignificant negative correlation (r = - 0.18) was determined between Fusariuminfected grain and DON in the cultivar Simonida and statistically insignificant positive correlation (r = 0.11) in the cultivar NS40S. The mean levels of DON in studied wheat samples of both tested cultivars were not higher than the maximum permitted limit (1250 μg kg-1) although the level of Fusarium-infected grain of both cultivars was relatively high. These results indicate that both wheat cultivars are susceptible to Fusarium infection and DON mycotoxin production in agro-ecological conditions of Serbia, but the cultivar NS40S being more susceptible compared to cultivar Simonida. In view of all stated above, regular health check of grains and developing strategies for integrated monitoring of incidence of Fusarium head blight are necessary preventive measures in protection of winter wheat., U radu je proučavana incidenca Fusarium-zaraženih zrna ozime pšenice iz žetve 2014. godine kod dve domaće komercijalne sorte Simonida i NS40S, kao i sadržaj mikotoksina deoksinivalenola (DON). Nivo fuzariozne kontaminacije zrna pšenice određen je primenom fitopatoloških testova standardne metodologije a DON je detektovan primenom imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). Incidenca Fusarium-zaraženih zrna bila je u proseku za sve ispitivane uzorke od 12% (Simonida) do 19% (NS40S). Od Fusarium vrsta identifikovana je jedino Fusarium graminearum, kao dobro poznati producent DON mikotoksina. Pored ove gljivične vrste, u visokom procentu izolovana je Alternaria spp. sa prosečnom incidencom od 53% (Simonida) do 63% (NS40S). U ispitivanim uzorcima pšenice prosečan sadržaj DON bio je od 424 μg kg-1 (Simonida) do 1101 μg kg-1 (NS40S). Između Fusarium-zaraženih zrna i DON utvrđena je statistički neznačajna negativna korelacija (r = - 0.18) kod sorte Simonida i statistički neznačajna pozitivna korelacija (r = 0.11) kod sorte NS40S. Prosečne koncentracije DON u ispitivanim uzorcima pšenice kod obe ispitivane sorte nisu bile iznad maksimalno dozvoljenog limita iako je nivo fuzariozne kontaminacije zrna obe ispitivane sorte bio visok. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da su obe ispitivane sorte pšenice osetljive prema fuzarioznoj infekciji i produkciji DON mikotoksina u agroekološkim uslovima Srbije, s tim što je sorta NS40S osetljivija u odnosu na sortu Simonida. Zbog svega navedenog, redovna zdravstvena kontrola zrna i razvijanje strategije integralnog monitoringa fuzarioze klasa neophodne su preventivne mere borbe u zaštiti pšenice.",
publisher = "Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat, Fusarium infekcija i deoksinivalenol kontaminacija ozime pšenice",
volume = "31",
number = "1",
pages = "123-131",
doi = "10.2298/BAH1501123K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Tomić, Z., Stanković, S. Ž., Petrović, T. S., Bijelić, Z., Mandić, V.,& Obradović, A.. (2015). Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade., 31(1), 123-131.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1501123K

Krnjaja V, Tomić Z, Stanković SŽ, Petrović TS, Bijelić Z, Mandić V, Obradović A. Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2015;31(1):123-131.
doi:10.2298/BAH1501123K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Tomić, Zorica, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Petrović, Tanja S., Bijelić, Zorica, Mandić, Violeta, Obradović, A., "Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 31, no. 1 (2015):123-131,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1501123K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tančić, Sonja L.
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/474
AB  - A total of 39 Fusarium graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum and F. equiseti isolates, originating from wheat and maize samples collected at 10 locations in Serbia, were analyzed by ELISA method for their potential of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) production under optimal laboratory conditions. Fusarium graminearum isolates with the highest intraspecies variability were the best producers of both deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. In contrast, F. equiseti isolates were the weakest producers of these two toxins. Considering the plant origin of the isolates, wheat-originating F. sporotrichioides isolates were better deoxynivalenol producers, while the maize-originating isolates produced more zearalenone. There was no clear difference in ZEA production between wheat- and maizeoriginating isolates of F. graminearum, while higher average DON concentrations were produced by F. graminearum wheat-originating isolates. Negative correlation was detected between the production of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone by various Fusarium spp.
AB  - Potencijal za stvaranje deoksinivalenola (DON) i zearalenona (ZEA) ukupno 39 izolata vrsta Fusarium graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum i F. Equiseti, poreklom iz zrna pšenice i kukuruza sa 10 različitih lokaliteta u Srbiji, analiziran je u optimalnim laboratorijskim uslovima ELISA testom. Izolati vrste F. graminearum su imali najvišu intraspecijsku varijabilnost i ujedno su bili najveći proizvođači i deoksinivalenola i zearalenona. Nasuprot njima, izolati F. equiseti su bili najslabiji proizvođači ova dva mikotoksina. S obzirom na poreklo izolata, F. sporotrichioides izolati poreklom sa pšenice su bili bolji proizvođači deoksinivalenola, dok su izolati ove vrste poreklom sa kukuruza stvarali više koncentracije zearalenona. Među F. graminearum izolatima nije bilo jasne razlike u sintetisanim koncentracijama ZEA zavisno od porekla izolata, dok je pri sintezi DON-a uočena viša prosečna koncentracija sintetisana od strane F. graminearum izolata poreklom sa pšenice. Negativna korelacija je registrovana između sinteze deoksinivalenola i zearalenona od strane Fusarium spp.
PB  - Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade / Plant Protection Society of Serbia, Belgrade
T2  - Pesticidi i fitomedicina
T1  - Correlation of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone production by Fusarium species originating from wheat and maize grain
T1  - Korelacija sinteze deoksinivalenola i zearalenola od strane Fusarium izolata poreklom sa zrna pšenice i kukuruza
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
SP  - 99
EP  - 105
DO  - 10.2298/pif1502099T
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Tančić, Sonja L. and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Lević, Jelena and Krnjaja, Vesna",
year = "2015",
abstract = "A total of 39 Fusarium graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum and F. equiseti isolates, originating from wheat and maize samples collected at 10 locations in Serbia, were analyzed by ELISA method for their potential of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) production under optimal laboratory conditions. Fusarium graminearum isolates with the highest intraspecies variability were the best producers of both deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. In contrast, F. equiseti isolates were the weakest producers of these two toxins. Considering the plant origin of the isolates, wheat-originating F. sporotrichioides isolates were better deoxynivalenol producers, while the maize-originating isolates produced more zearalenone. There was no clear difference in ZEA production between wheat- and maizeoriginating isolates of F. graminearum, while higher average DON concentrations were produced by F. graminearum wheat-originating isolates. Negative correlation was detected between the production of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone by various Fusarium spp., Potencijal za stvaranje deoksinivalenola (DON) i zearalenona (ZEA) ukupno 39 izolata vrsta Fusarium graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum i F. Equiseti, poreklom iz zrna pšenice i kukuruza sa 10 različitih lokaliteta u Srbiji, analiziran je u optimalnim laboratorijskim uslovima ELISA testom. Izolati vrste F. graminearum su imali najvišu intraspecijsku varijabilnost i ujedno su bili najveći proizvođači i deoksinivalenola i zearalenona. Nasuprot njima, izolati F. equiseti su bili najslabiji proizvođači ova dva mikotoksina. S obzirom na poreklo izolata, F. sporotrichioides izolati poreklom sa pšenice su bili bolji proizvođači deoksinivalenola, dok su izolati ove vrste poreklom sa kukuruza stvarali više koncentracije zearalenona. Među F. graminearum izolatima nije bilo jasne razlike u sintetisanim koncentracijama ZEA zavisno od porekla izolata, dok je pri sintezi DON-a uočena viša prosečna koncentracija sintetisana od strane F. graminearum izolata poreklom sa pšenice. Negativna korelacija je registrovana između sinteze deoksinivalenola i zearalenona od strane Fusarium spp.",
publisher = "Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade / Plant Protection Society of Serbia, Belgrade",
journal = "Pesticidi i fitomedicina",
title = "Correlation of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone production by Fusarium species originating from wheat and maize grain, Korelacija sinteze deoksinivalenola i zearalenola od strane Fusarium izolata poreklom sa zrna pšenice i kukuruza",
volume = "30",
number = "2",
pages = "99-105",
doi = "10.2298/pif1502099T"
}

Tančić, S. L., Stanković, S. Ž., Lević, J.,& Krnjaja, V.. (2015). Correlation of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone production by Fusarium species originating from wheat and maize grain. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina
Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade / Plant Protection Society of Serbia, Belgrade., 30(2), 99-105.
https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1502099T

Tančić SL, Stanković SŽ, Lević J, Krnjaja V. Correlation of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone production by Fusarium species originating from wheat and maize grain. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina. 2015;30(2):99-105.
doi:10.2298/pif1502099T .

Tančić, Sonja L., Stanković, Slavica Ž., Lević, Jelena, Krnjaja, Vesna, "Correlation of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone production by Fusarium species originating from wheat and maize grain" in Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 30, no. 2 (2015):99-105,
https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1502099T . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Pavlovski, Zlatica
AU  - Lukić, Miloš
AU  - Škrbić, Zdenka
AU  - Stojanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/441
AB  - Total fungal count, the presence of potentially toxigenic fungi and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) were studied in 30 poultry feed samples (14 samples of feed for chickens and 16 samples of feed for laying hens), which were collected from different farms in Serbia at the beginning of year 2014. The total number of fungi was determined by the method of dilution and OTA was detected using the imunoadsorption enzymatic assay (ELISA). In most of the samples of chickens feed (50%) the total number of fungi was 1 - 3 x 102 CFU g-1, and in feed for laying hens the highest number of samples (37.50%) had the total fungal count from 1.4 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g -1. The species of genera Aspergillus and Pénicillium were identified as producers of OTA in 21.43% and 42.86% of chickens feed samples and in 68.75% and 25% of samples of feed for laying hens. The presence of OTA was detected in 100% of samples of feed for chickens and laying hens, with average concentrations of 34.40 μg kg-1 (feed for chickens) and 43.89 μg kg-1 (feed for laying hens). The total fungal count and content of OTA were not above the maximum allowed quantities, even though the presence of Aspergillus and Penicillium species was found in a large number of samples (up to 68.75%). These results indicate that the tested samples of poultry feed were mycologically and mycotoxicologically correct.
AB  - Ukupan broj gljiva, prisustvo potencijalno toksigenih rodova gljiva i prirodna pojava ohratoksina A (OTA) proučavani su u 30 uzoraka hrane za živinu (14 uzoraka hrane za piliće i 16 uzoraka hrane za nosilje), koji su sakupljeni iz različitih farmi u Srbiji početkom 2014. godine. Ukupan broj gljiva određen je primenom metode razređenja a OTA je detektovan primenom imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). U najvećem broju uzoraka hrane za piliće (50%) ukupan broj gljiva je bio od 1 - 3 x 102 CFU g-1, a u hrani za nosilje najveći broj uzoraka (37,50%) imao je ukupan broj gljiva od 1,4 do 4,8 x 104 CFU g-1. Kao producenti OTA identifikovane su vrste iz rodova Aspergillus and Penicillium u 21,43% and 42,86% uzoraka hrane za piliće i u 68,75% and 25% uzoraka hrane za nosilje. Prisustvo OTA je detektovano u 100% uzoraka hrane za piliće i nosilje, sa prosečnim koncentracijama od 34,40 μg kg-1 (hrana za piliće) i 43,89 μg kg-1 (hrana za nosilje). Vrednosti za ukupan broj gljiva i sadržaj OTA nisu bile iznad maksimalno dozvoljenih količina, iako je ustanovljeno prisustvo Aspergillus i Penicillium vrsta u velikom broju uzoraka (do 68,75%). Ovi rezultati ukazuju da su ispitivani uzorci hrane za živinu mikološki i mikotoksikološki ispravni.
PB  - Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feed
T1  - Kontaminacija gljivama i prirodna pojava ohratoksina A (OTA) u hrani za živinu
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
SP  - 481
EP  - 488
DO  - 10.2298/BAH1403481K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Pavlovski, Zlatica and Lukić, Miloš and Škrbić, Zdenka and Stojanović, Ljiljana and Bijelić, Zorica and Mandić, Violeta",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Total fungal count, the presence of potentially toxigenic fungi and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) were studied in 30 poultry feed samples (14 samples of feed for chickens and 16 samples of feed for laying hens), which were collected from different farms in Serbia at the beginning of year 2014. The total number of fungi was determined by the method of dilution and OTA was detected using the imunoadsorption enzymatic assay (ELISA). In most of the samples of chickens feed (50%) the total number of fungi was 1 - 3 x 102 CFU g-1, and in feed for laying hens the highest number of samples (37.50%) had the total fungal count from 1.4 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g -1. The species of genera Aspergillus and Pénicillium were identified as producers of OTA in 21.43% and 42.86% of chickens feed samples and in 68.75% and 25% of samples of feed for laying hens. The presence of OTA was detected in 100% of samples of feed for chickens and laying hens, with average concentrations of 34.40 μg kg-1 (feed for chickens) and 43.89 μg kg-1 (feed for laying hens). The total fungal count and content of OTA were not above the maximum allowed quantities, even though the presence of Aspergillus and Penicillium species was found in a large number of samples (up to 68.75%). These results indicate that the tested samples of poultry feed were mycologically and mycotoxicologically correct., Ukupan broj gljiva, prisustvo potencijalno toksigenih rodova gljiva i prirodna pojava ohratoksina A (OTA) proučavani su u 30 uzoraka hrane za živinu (14 uzoraka hrane za piliće i 16 uzoraka hrane za nosilje), koji su sakupljeni iz različitih farmi u Srbiji početkom 2014. godine. Ukupan broj gljiva određen je primenom metode razređenja a OTA je detektovan primenom imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). U najvećem broju uzoraka hrane za piliće (50%) ukupan broj gljiva je bio od 1 - 3 x 102 CFU g-1, a u hrani za nosilje najveći broj uzoraka (37,50%) imao je ukupan broj gljiva od 1,4 do 4,8 x 104 CFU g-1. Kao producenti OTA identifikovane su vrste iz rodova Aspergillus and Penicillium u 21,43% and 42,86% uzoraka hrane za piliće i u 68,75% and 25% uzoraka hrane za nosilje. Prisustvo OTA je detektovano u 100% uzoraka hrane za piliće i nosilje, sa prosečnim koncentracijama od 34,40 μg kg-1 (hrana za piliće) i 43,89 μg kg-1 (hrana za nosilje). Vrednosti za ukupan broj gljiva i sadržaj OTA nisu bile iznad maksimalno dozvoljenih količina, iako je ustanovljeno prisustvo Aspergillus i Penicillium vrsta u velikom broju uzoraka (do 68,75%). Ovi rezultati ukazuju da su ispitivani uzorci hrane za živinu mikološki i mikotoksikološki ispravni.",
publisher = "Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feed, Kontaminacija gljivama i prirodna pojava ohratoksina A (OTA) u hrani za živinu",
volume = "30",
number = "3",
pages = "481-488",
doi = "10.2298/BAH1403481K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Pavlovski, Z., Lukić, M., Škrbić, Z., Stojanović, L., Bijelić, Z.,& Mandić, V.. (2014). Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feed. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade., 30(3), 481-488.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1403481K

Krnjaja V, Pavlovski Z, Lukić M, Škrbić Z, Stojanović L, Bijelić Z, Mandić V. Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feed. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2014;30(3):481-488.
doi:10.2298/BAH1403481K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Pavlovski, Zlatica, Lukić, Miloš, Škrbić, Zdenka, Stojanović, Ljiljana, Bijelić, Zorica, Mandić, Violeta, "Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feed" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 30, no. 3 (2014):481-488,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1403481K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Petrović, Tanja S.
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Tomić, Zorica
AU  - Obradović, A.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/403
AB  - Natural occurrence of Fusarium spp. and concentrations of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in the grain of the winter wheat moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) has been studied. Grain samples were collected from wheat crops intended mainly for human consumption. All wheat crops were treated with fungicides before (a.i. flutriafol - formulated as Fluoco, applied in dose of 0.5 l ha-1) and during the flowering phase of growing (a.i. thiophanate-methyl + epoxiconazole formulated as Eskorta plus and a.i. thiophanate-methyl formulated as Funomil, applied in doses of 0.75 and 0.5 l ha-1, respectivily). Among of Fusarium species only F. graminearum, as a well known producer of DON, was identified. This fungus was identified in 15 of 19 samples (78.9%) with incidence in positive samples of 2 to 28% (average, 14.0%). Presence of DON was established in 13 of a total 19 investigated wheat grain samples (68.4%). In positive samples DON was detected in concentrations from 69 to 918 μg kg-1 (average, 478 μg kg-1). DON showed a significant and positive correlation at P≥0.05 with grain moisture content (r = 0.52*). Between the frequency of F. graminearum and concentration of DON and between the frequency of F. graminearum and grain moisture content, positive correlation was determined, but without statistical significance (r = 0.44 and r = 0.29, respectively).
AB  - U radu je proučavana prirodna pojava Fusarium spp. i koncentracija mikotoksina deoksinivalenola (DON) u zrnu ozime pšenice srednje osetljive prema fuzariozi klasa (FHB). Uzorci zrna su prikupljeni sa proizvodnih useva pšenice namenjene uglavnom za ljudsku upotrebu. Svi usevi pšenice bili su tretirani sa fungicidima pre (a.m. flutriafol - formulisana kao preparat Fluoco, primenjen u dozi 0,5 l ha-1) i tokom cvetanja biljaka (a.m. tiofanat-metil + epoksikonazol formulisana kao preparat Eskorta plus i a.m. tiofanat-metil formulisana kao Funomil, primenjeni u dozi 0.75 i 0.5 l ha-1, respektivno). Među Fusarium vrstama jedino je identifikovana F. graminearum, koja je poznati producent DON. Ova gljiva je bila identifikovana u 15 od 19 uzoraka (78.9%) sa incidencom od 2 do 28% (prosek 14.0%) u pozitivnim uzorcima. Prisustvo DON je utvrđeno u 13 od ukupno 19 proučavanih uzoraka pšenice (68.4%). U pozitivnim uzorcima DON je detektovan u koncentracijama od 69 do 918 μg kg-1 (prosek 478 μg kg-1). DON je pokazao značajnu i pozitivnu korelaciju pri P≥0.05 sa sadržajem vlage zrna (r = 0.52*). Između učestalosti F. graminearum i koncentracije DON i učestalosti F. graminearum i sadržaja vlage zrna utvrđena je, takođe, pozitivna korelacija ali statistički nije značajna (r = 0.44 i r = 0.29, respektivno).
PB  - Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Presence of deoxynivalenol in winter wheat treated with fungicides
T1  - Prisustvo deoksinivalenola u ozimoj pšenici tretiranoj s fungicidima
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
SP  - 167
EP  - 173
DO  - 10.2298/BAH1401167K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Petrović, Tanja S. and Mandić, Violeta and Tomić, Zorica and Obradović, A.",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Natural occurrence of Fusarium spp. and concentrations of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in the grain of the winter wheat moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) has been studied. Grain samples were collected from wheat crops intended mainly for human consumption. All wheat crops were treated with fungicides before (a.i. flutriafol - formulated as Fluoco, applied in dose of 0.5 l ha-1) and during the flowering phase of growing (a.i. thiophanate-methyl + epoxiconazole formulated as Eskorta plus and a.i. thiophanate-methyl formulated as Funomil, applied in doses of 0.75 and 0.5 l ha-1, respectivily). Among of Fusarium species only F. graminearum, as a well known producer of DON, was identified. This fungus was identified in 15 of 19 samples (78.9%) with incidence in positive samples of 2 to 28% (average, 14.0%). Presence of DON was established in 13 of a total 19 investigated wheat grain samples (68.4%). In positive samples DON was detected in concentrations from 69 to 918 μg kg-1 (average, 478 μg kg-1). DON showed a significant and positive correlation at P≥0.05 with grain moisture content (r = 0.52*). Between the frequency of F. graminearum and concentration of DON and between the frequency of F. graminearum and grain moisture content, positive correlation was determined, but without statistical significance (r = 0.44 and r = 0.29, respectively)., U radu je proučavana prirodna pojava Fusarium spp. i koncentracija mikotoksina deoksinivalenola (DON) u zrnu ozime pšenice srednje osetljive prema fuzariozi klasa (FHB). Uzorci zrna su prikupljeni sa proizvodnih useva pšenice namenjene uglavnom za ljudsku upotrebu. Svi usevi pšenice bili su tretirani sa fungicidima pre (a.m. flutriafol - formulisana kao preparat Fluoco, primenjen u dozi 0,5 l ha-1) i tokom cvetanja biljaka (a.m. tiofanat-metil + epoksikonazol formulisana kao preparat Eskorta plus i a.m. tiofanat-metil formulisana kao Funomil, primenjeni u dozi 0.75 i 0.5 l ha-1, respektivno). Među Fusarium vrstama jedino je identifikovana F. graminearum, koja je poznati producent DON. Ova gljiva je bila identifikovana u 15 od 19 uzoraka (78.9%) sa incidencom od 2 do 28% (prosek 14.0%) u pozitivnim uzorcima. Prisustvo DON je utvrđeno u 13 od ukupno 19 proučavanih uzoraka pšenice (68.4%). U pozitivnim uzorcima DON je detektovan u koncentracijama od 69 do 918 μg kg-1 (prosek 478 μg kg-1). DON je pokazao značajnu i pozitivnu korelaciju pri P≥0.05 sa sadržajem vlage zrna (r = 0.52*). Između učestalosti F. graminearum i koncentracije DON i učestalosti F. graminearum i sadržaja vlage zrna utvrđena je, takođe, pozitivna korelacija ali statistički nije značajna (r = 0.44 i r = 0.29, respektivno).",
publisher = "Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Presence of deoxynivalenol in winter wheat treated with fungicides, Prisustvo deoksinivalenola u ozimoj pšenici tretiranoj s fungicidima",
volume = "30",
number = "1",
pages = "167-173",
doi = "10.2298/BAH1401167K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Lević, J., Stanković, S. Ž., Petrović, T. S., Mandić, V., Tomić, Z.,& Obradović, A.. (2014). Presence of deoxynivalenol in winter wheat treated with fungicides. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade., 30(1), 167-173.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1401167K

Krnjaja V, Lević J, Stanković SŽ, Petrović TS, Mandić V, Tomić Z, Obradović A. Presence of deoxynivalenol in winter wheat treated with fungicides. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2014;30(1):167-173.
doi:10.2298/BAH1401167K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Petrović, Tanja S., Mandić, Violeta, Tomić, Zorica, Obradović, A., "Presence of deoxynivalenol in winter wheat treated with fungicides" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 30, no. 1 (2014):167-173,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1401167K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Pavlovski, Zlatica
AU  - Lukić, Miloš
AU  - Škrbić, Zdenka
AU  - Stojanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/407
AB  - In this study, a total of 41 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different farms in Serbia in the beginning of 2014 were investigated for total fungal count, presence of potential toxigenic fungi and natural occurrence of T-2 toxin. The number of total fungi was determined using the plate count method whereas T-2 toxin was detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method. Relative high percent of investigated poultry feed samples (43.90%) had the total fungal count 1 - 7 x 102 CFU g-1, while in 29.27% of the samples that number was 1.4 - 14 x 104 CFU g-1. In regard to potentially toxigenic fungi, species of Fusarium genus were isolated in most of poultry feed samples (58.54%), while species from genus Alternaria were isolated in least of samples (9.76%). The presence of T-2 toxin was detected in 75.61% of the samples, with concentration of 25.07 - 426.08 μg kg-1 (in average, 55.34 μg kg-1). The statistical insignificant negative correlation (r = - 0.05) was obtained between total fungal count and concentrations of T-2 toxin. In addition, a total fungal count and content of T-2 toxin in the samples were not above the maximum allowed levels, although the presence of species from genus Fusarium was found in 58.54% samples. These results indicated that the sanitary and hygienic conditions during the production of poultry feed in Serbia have been at satisfactory level.
AB  - U radu su proučavani ukupan broj gljiva, prisustvo potencijalno toksigenih rodova gljiva i prirodna pojava T-2 toksina u 41 uzoraka hrane za živinu (piliće i nosilje) koji su sakupljeni iz različitih farmi u Srbiji početkom 2014. godine. Ukupan broj gljiva određen je primenom metode razređenja a T-2 toksin je detektovan primenom imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). Relativno visok procenat proučavanih uzoraka hrane za živinu (43,90%) imao je ukupan broj gljiva 1 - 7 x 102 CFU g-1, dok je u 29,27% uzoraka ukupan broj bio 1,4 - 14 x 104 CFU g-1. Od potencijalno toksigenih gljiva u ispitivanim uzorcima hrane za živinu u najvećem broju uzoraka (58.54%) izolovane su vrste iz roda Fusarium, dok su vrste iz roda Alternaria bile izolovane u najmanjem broju uzoraka (9.76%). Prisustvo T-2 toksina detektovano je u 75,61% ispitivanih uzoraka sa koncentracijom od 25,07 - 426,08 μg kg-1 (prosek 55.34 μg kg-1). Statistički neznačajna korelacija (r = - 0.05) utvrđena je između ukupnog broja gljiva i koncentracija T-2 toksina. Ukupan broj gljiva i sadržaj T-2 toksina u ispitivanim uzorcima nisu bili iznad maksimalno dozvoljenih količina iako je ustanovljeno prisustvo vrsta iz roda Fusarium u 58.54% uzoraka. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da su u Srbiji sanitarnohigijenski uslovi za proizvodnju hrane za živinu na zadovoljavajućem nivou.
PB  - Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of T-2 toxin in poultry feed
T1  - Kontaminacija gljivama i prirodna pojava T-2 toksina u hrani za živinu
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
SP  - 321
EP  - 328
DO  - 10.2298/BAH1402321K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Pavlovski, Zlatica and Lukić, Miloš and Škrbić, Zdenka and Stojanović, Ljiljana and Bijelić, Zorica and Mandić, Violeta",
year = "2014",
abstract = "In this study, a total of 41 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different farms in Serbia in the beginning of 2014 were investigated for total fungal count, presence of potential toxigenic fungi and natural occurrence of T-2 toxin. The number of total fungi was determined using the plate count method whereas T-2 toxin was detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method. Relative high percent of investigated poultry feed samples (43.90%) had the total fungal count 1 - 7 x 102 CFU g-1, while in 29.27% of the samples that number was 1.4 - 14 x 104 CFU g-1. In regard to potentially toxigenic fungi, species of Fusarium genus were isolated in most of poultry feed samples (58.54%), while species from genus Alternaria were isolated in least of samples (9.76%). The presence of T-2 toxin was detected in 75.61% of the samples, with concentration of 25.07 - 426.08 μg kg-1 (in average, 55.34 μg kg-1). The statistical insignificant negative correlation (r = - 0.05) was obtained between total fungal count and concentrations of T-2 toxin. In addition, a total fungal count and content of T-2 toxin in the samples were not above the maximum allowed levels, although the presence of species from genus Fusarium was found in 58.54% samples. These results indicated that the sanitary and hygienic conditions during the production of poultry feed in Serbia have been at satisfactory level., U radu su proučavani ukupan broj gljiva, prisustvo potencijalno toksigenih rodova gljiva i prirodna pojava T-2 toksina u 41 uzoraka hrane za živinu (piliće i nosilje) koji su sakupljeni iz različitih farmi u Srbiji početkom 2014. godine. Ukupan broj gljiva određen je primenom metode razređenja a T-2 toksin je detektovan primenom imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). Relativno visok procenat proučavanih uzoraka hrane za živinu (43,90%) imao je ukupan broj gljiva 1 - 7 x 102 CFU g-1, dok je u 29,27% uzoraka ukupan broj bio 1,4 - 14 x 104 CFU g-1. Od potencijalno toksigenih gljiva u ispitivanim uzorcima hrane za živinu u najvećem broju uzoraka (58.54%) izolovane su vrste iz roda Fusarium, dok su vrste iz roda Alternaria bile izolovane u najmanjem broju uzoraka (9.76%). Prisustvo T-2 toksina detektovano je u 75,61% ispitivanih uzoraka sa koncentracijom od 25,07 - 426,08 μg kg-1 (prosek 55.34 μg kg-1). Statistički neznačajna korelacija (r = - 0.05) utvrđena je između ukupnog broja gljiva i koncentracija T-2 toksina. Ukupan broj gljiva i sadržaj T-2 toksina u ispitivanim uzorcima nisu bili iznad maksimalno dozvoljenih količina iako je ustanovljeno prisustvo vrsta iz roda Fusarium u 58.54% uzoraka. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da su u Srbiji sanitarnohigijenski uslovi za proizvodnju hrane za živinu na zadovoljavajućem nivou.",
publisher = "Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of T-2 toxin in poultry feed, Kontaminacija gljivama i prirodna pojava T-2 toksina u hrani za živinu",
volume = "30",
number = "2",
pages = "321-328",
doi = "10.2298/BAH1402321K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Pavlovski, Z., Lukić, M., Škrbić, Z., Stojanović, L., Bijelić, Z.,& Mandić, V.. (2014). Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of T-2 toxin in poultry feed. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade., 30(2), 321-328.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1402321K

Krnjaja V, Pavlovski Z, Lukić M, Škrbić Z, Stojanović L, Bijelić Z, Mandić V. Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of T-2 toxin in poultry feed. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2014;30(2):321-328.
doi:10.2298/BAH1402321K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Pavlovski, Zlatica, Lukić, Miloš, Škrbić, Zdenka, Stojanović, Ljiljana, Bijelić, Zorica, Mandić, Violeta, "Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of T-2 toxin in poultry feed" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 30, no. 2 (2014):321-328,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1402321K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Novaković, Željko
AU  - Stojanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Ostojić Andrić, Dušica
AU  - Stanišić, Nikola
AU  - Nikšić, Dragan
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/376
AB  - The total number of potentially toxigenic molds (fungi), total aflatoxins, zearalenone (ZON), and deoxynivalenol (DON), as well as the joint appearance of ZON and DON have been investigated in 67 samples of cattle feed (concentrate (n=21), silage of whole maize plant (n=18), beet pulp (n=4), brewer's malt (n=2), alfalfa and grass (n=1), alfalfa hay (n=12), meadow hay (n=7), pea and oat hay (n=1), and red clover hay (n=1) originating from private farms from 10 districts of the Republic of Serbia. The total number of fungi per 1 g feed ranged from 0 (silage of brewer's malt) to 12 x 104 (concentrate). Eight fungi genus species have been identified: Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillum, Rhizopus and Trichoderma. The presence of ZON (100%) was established in all the examined cattle feed samples, while 98.5% samples were contaminated with total aflatoxins and 92.5% samples were DON positive. The joint appearance of ZON and DON was established in 92.5% samples. ZON was present in the highest average concentration in the sample of alfalfa and grass silage (2477.5 μg kg-1) and in the lowest in beet pulp silage samples (64.9 μg kg-1). Total aflatoxins were established in the highest average concentration in the pea and oat hay silage sample (7.9 μg kg-1) and in the lowest average concentration in beet pulp silage samples (1.6 μg kg-1). DON was detected in the highest average concentration in concentrate samples (694.2 μg kg-1) and in the lowest average concentration in the red clover hay sample (11.0 μg kg-1), while DON was not detected in brewer's malt silage samples (0.0 μg kg-1). In all the examined cattle feed samples, between moisture content (up to 20%) and the concentration of examined mycotoxins, a negative correlation was established (r=-0.26) with total aflatoxins and a positive correlation with ZON (r=0,36) and DON (r=0,60). Furthermore, a positive correlation (r=0.22) was established between ZON and DON concentrations.
AB  - Ukupan broj potencijalno toksigenih gljivica (plesni), ukupni aflatoksini, zearalenon (ZON) i deoksinivalenol (DON) kao i združena pojava ZON i DON ispitivani su u 67 uzoraka hrane za goveda (koncentrat (n=21), silaža od cele biljke kukuruza (n=18), repinih rezanaca (n=4), pivskog trebera (n=2) i lucerke i trava (n=1), lucerkino seno (n=12), livadsko seno (n=7), seno od stočnog graška i ovsa (n=1) i seno od crvene deteline (n=1)) poreklom sa privatnih farmi iz 10 okruga u Republici Srbiji. Ukupan broj gljivica po 1 g hrane je bio od 0 (silaža od pivskog trebera) do 12 x 104 (koncentrat). Identifikovane su vrste iz osam rodova gljiva: Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillum, Rhizopus i Trichoderma. U svim ispitivanim uzorcima hrane za goveda ustanovljeno je prisustvo ZON (100%), dok je 98,5% uzoraka bilo kontaminirano ukupnim aflatoksinima i 92,5% uzoraka je bilo DON pozitivno. Združena pojava ZON i DON ustanovljena je u 92,5% uzoraka. ZON je prisutan u najvećoj prosečnoj koncentraciji u uzorku silaže od lucerke i trava (2.477,5 μg kg-1), a u najmanjoj u uzorcima silaže od repinih rezanaca (64,9 μg kg-1). Ukupni aflatoksini su konstatovani u najvećoj prosečnoj koncentraciji u uzorku sena od stočnog graška i ovsa (7,9 μg kg-1), a u najmanjoj prosečnoj koncentraciji u uzorcima silaže od repinih rezanaca (1,6 μg kg-1). DON je detektovan u najvećoj prosečnoj koncentraciji u uzorcima koncentrata (694,2 μg kg-1), a u najmanjoj prosečnoj koncentraciji u uzorku sena od crvene deteline (11,0 μg kg-1), dok u uzorcima silaže od pivskog trebera DON nije detektovan (0,0 μg kg-1). U svim ispitivanim uzorcima hrane za goveda između sadržaja vlage (do 20%) i koncentracija ispitivanih mikotoksina ustanovljena je negativna korelacija (r=-0,26) sa ukupnim aflatoksinima i pozitivna korelacija sa ZON (r=0,36) i DON (r=0,60). Isto tako, pozitivna korelacija (r=0,22) ustanovljena je između koncentracija ZON i DON.
PB  - University of Belgrade - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade
T2  - Veterinarski glasnik
T1  - Contamination of cattle feed with molds and mycotoxins
T1  - Kontaminacija hrane za goveda plesnima i mikotoksinima
VL  - 67
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 129
EP  - 138
DO  - 10.2298/VETGL1302129K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Novaković, Željko and Stojanović, Ljiljana and Ostojić Andrić, Dušica and Stanišić, Nikola and Nikšić, Dragan and Mandić, Violeta",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The total number of potentially toxigenic molds (fungi), total aflatoxins, zearalenone (ZON), and deoxynivalenol (DON), as well as the joint appearance of ZON and DON have been investigated in 67 samples of cattle feed (concentrate (n=21), silage of whole maize plant (n=18), beet pulp (n=4), brewer's malt (n=2), alfalfa and grass (n=1), alfalfa hay (n=12), meadow hay (n=7), pea and oat hay (n=1), and red clover hay (n=1) originating from private farms from 10 districts of the Republic of Serbia. The total number of fungi per 1 g feed ranged from 0 (silage of brewer's malt) to 12 x 104 (concentrate). Eight fungi genus species have been identified: Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillum, Rhizopus and Trichoderma. The presence of ZON (100%) was established in all the examined cattle feed samples, while 98.5% samples were contaminated with total aflatoxins and 92.5% samples were DON positive. The joint appearance of ZON and DON was established in 92.5% samples. ZON was present in the highest average concentration in the sample of alfalfa and grass silage (2477.5 μg kg-1) and in the lowest in beet pulp silage samples (64.9 μg kg-1). Total aflatoxins were established in the highest average concentration in the pea and oat hay silage sample (7.9 μg kg-1) and in the lowest average concentration in beet pulp silage samples (1.6 μg kg-1). DON was detected in the highest average concentration in concentrate samples (694.2 μg kg-1) and in the lowest average concentration in the red clover hay sample (11.0 μg kg-1), while DON was not detected in brewer's malt silage samples (0.0 μg kg-1). In all the examined cattle feed samples, between moisture content (up to 20%) and the concentration of examined mycotoxins, a negative correlation was established (r=-0.26) with total aflatoxins and a positive correlation with ZON (r=0,36) and DON (r=0,60). Furthermore, a positive correlation (r=0.22) was established between ZON and DON concentrations., Ukupan broj potencijalno toksigenih gljivica (plesni), ukupni aflatoksini, zearalenon (ZON) i deoksinivalenol (DON) kao i združena pojava ZON i DON ispitivani su u 67 uzoraka hrane za goveda (koncentrat (n=21), silaža od cele biljke kukuruza (n=18), repinih rezanaca (n=4), pivskog trebera (n=2) i lucerke i trava (n=1), lucerkino seno (n=12), livadsko seno (n=7), seno od stočnog graška i ovsa (n=1) i seno od crvene deteline (n=1)) poreklom sa privatnih farmi iz 10 okruga u Republici Srbiji. Ukupan broj gljivica po 1 g hrane je bio od 0 (silaža od pivskog trebera) do 12 x 104 (koncentrat). Identifikovane su vrste iz osam rodova gljiva: Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillum, Rhizopus i Trichoderma. U svim ispitivanim uzorcima hrane za goveda ustanovljeno je prisustvo ZON (100%), dok je 98,5% uzoraka bilo kontaminirano ukupnim aflatoksinima i 92,5% uzoraka je bilo DON pozitivno. Združena pojava ZON i DON ustanovljena je u 92,5% uzoraka. ZON je prisutan u najvećoj prosečnoj koncentraciji u uzorku silaže od lucerke i trava (2.477,5 μg kg-1), a u najmanjoj u uzorcima silaže od repinih rezanaca (64,9 μg kg-1). Ukupni aflatoksini su konstatovani u najvećoj prosečnoj koncentraciji u uzorku sena od stočnog graška i ovsa (7,9 μg kg-1), a u najmanjoj prosečnoj koncentraciji u uzorcima silaže od repinih rezanaca (1,6 μg kg-1). DON je detektovan u najvećoj prosečnoj koncentraciji u uzorcima koncentrata (694,2 μg kg-1), a u najmanjoj prosečnoj koncentraciji u uzorku sena od crvene deteline (11,0 μg kg-1), dok u uzorcima silaže od pivskog trebera DON nije detektovan (0,0 μg kg-1). U svim ispitivanim uzorcima hrane za goveda između sadržaja vlage (do 20%) i koncentracija ispitivanih mikotoksina ustanovljena je negativna korelacija (r=-0,26) sa ukupnim aflatoksinima i pozitivna korelacija sa ZON (r=0,36) i DON (r=0,60). Isto tako, pozitivna korelacija (r=0,22) ustanovljena je između koncentracija ZON i DON.",
publisher = "University of Belgrade - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade",
journal = "Veterinarski glasnik",
title = "Contamination of cattle feed with molds and mycotoxins, Kontaminacija hrane za goveda plesnima i mikotoksinima",
volume = "67",
number = "1-2",
pages = "129-138",
doi = "10.2298/VETGL1302129K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Novaković, Ž., Stojanović, L., Ostojić Andrić, D., Stanišić, N., Nikšić, D.,& Mandić, V.. (2013). Contamination of cattle feed with molds and mycotoxins. in Veterinarski glasnik
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade., 67(1-2), 129-138.
https://doi.org/10.2298/VETGL1302129K

Krnjaja V, Novaković Ž, Stojanović L, Ostojić Andrić D, Stanišić N, Nikšić D, Mandić V. Contamination of cattle feed with molds and mycotoxins. in Veterinarski glasnik. 2013;67(1-2):129-138.
doi:10.2298/VETGL1302129K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Novaković, Željko, Stojanović, Ljiljana, Ostojić Andrić, Dušica, Stanišić, Nikola, Nikšić, Dragan, Mandić, Violeta, "Contamination of cattle feed with molds and mycotoxins" in Veterinarski glasnik, 67, no. 1-2 (2013):129-138,
https://doi.org/10.2298/VETGL1302129K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Petrović, Tanja S.
AU  - Tomić, Zorica
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/399
AB  - In this study the presence of moulds and mycotoxins in samples of stored maize grains in the period from October 2011 to September 2012 was investigated. Mycological analyses of whole and broken grains showed the presence of species from the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus and others. Among the Aspergillus and Fusarium genera as potentially toxigenic fungi, Aspergillus flavus was identified with the highest percentage on broken grains (20.38%) whereas F. verticilioides was the predominant species in the whole maize grains (34.04%). In addition, it was obtained that tested samples of stored maize grains were 100% positive with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZON), deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) with an average concentration of 1.39 μg kg-1, 71.79 μg kg-1, 128.17 μg kg-1, and 1610.83 μg kg-1, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the moisture content and the presence of Fusarium spp. on the broken grains (r = 0.44) and between the moisture content and the concentration of DON (r = 0.61). However, a significant negative correlation was found between moisture content and FB1 (r = -0.34), and between the concentration of ZON and DON mycotoxins (r = -0.58).
AB  - U radu je ispitivano prisustvo plesni i mikotoksina u uzorcima zrna uskladištenog kukuruza u periodu od oktobra 2011. do septembra 2012. godine. Mikološkim analizama celog i slomljenog zrna kukuruza ustanovljeno je prisustvo vrsta iz rodova Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus i drugih. Od potencijalno toksigenih vrsta iz rodova Aspergillus i Fusarium, identifikovane su u najvećem procentu A. flavus na slomljenom (20,38%) i F. verticillioides na celom zrnu kukuruza (34,04%). Ispitivani uzorci uskladištenog kukuruza bili su 100% pozitivni sa aflatoksinom B1 (AFB1), zearalenonom (ZON), deoksinivalenolom (DON) i fumonizinom B1 (FB1) sa prosečnim koncentracijama 1,39 μg kg-1, 71,79 μg kg-1, 128,17 μg kg-1 i 1610,83 μg kg-1, respektivno. Statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija ustanovljena je između sadržaja vlage i prisustva Fusarium spp. na slomljenom zrnu kukuruza (r = 0,44), kao i između sadržaja vlage i koncentracije DON (r = 0,61). Statistički značajna negativna korelacija ustanovljena je između sadržaja vlage i FB1 (r = -0,34), kao i između koncentracija ZON i DON mikotoksina (r = -0,58).
PB  - Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Moulds and mycotoxins in stored maize grains
T1  - Plesni i mikotoksini u uskladištenom kukuruzu
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
SP  - 527
EP  - 536
DO  - 10.2298/BAH1303527K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Petrović, Tanja S. and Tomić, Zorica and Mandić, Violeta and Bijelić, Zorica",
year = "2013",
abstract = "In this study the presence of moulds and mycotoxins in samples of stored maize grains in the period from October 2011 to September 2012 was investigated. Mycological analyses of whole and broken grains showed the presence of species from the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus and others. Among the Aspergillus and Fusarium genera as potentially toxigenic fungi, Aspergillus flavus was identified with the highest percentage on broken grains (20.38%) whereas F. verticilioides was the predominant species in the whole maize grains (34.04%). In addition, it was obtained that tested samples of stored maize grains were 100% positive with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZON), deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) with an average concentration of 1.39 μg kg-1, 71.79 μg kg-1, 128.17 μg kg-1, and 1610.83 μg kg-1, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the moisture content and the presence of Fusarium spp. on the broken grains (r = 0.44) and between the moisture content and the concentration of DON (r = 0.61). However, a significant negative correlation was found between moisture content and FB1 (r = -0.34), and between the concentration of ZON and DON mycotoxins (r = -0.58)., U radu je ispitivano prisustvo plesni i mikotoksina u uzorcima zrna uskladištenog kukuruza u periodu od oktobra 2011. do septembra 2012. godine. Mikološkim analizama celog i slomljenog zrna kukuruza ustanovljeno je prisustvo vrsta iz rodova Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus i drugih. Od potencijalno toksigenih vrsta iz rodova Aspergillus i Fusarium, identifikovane su u najvećem procentu A. flavus na slomljenom (20,38%) i F. verticillioides na celom zrnu kukuruza (34,04%). Ispitivani uzorci uskladištenog kukuruza bili su 100% pozitivni sa aflatoksinom B1 (AFB1), zearalenonom (ZON), deoksinivalenolom (DON) i fumonizinom B1 (FB1) sa prosečnim koncentracijama 1,39 μg kg-1, 71,79 μg kg-1, 128,17 μg kg-1 i 1610,83 μg kg-1, respektivno. Statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija ustanovljena je između sadržaja vlage i prisustva Fusarium spp. na slomljenom zrnu kukuruza (r = 0,44), kao i između sadržaja vlage i koncentracije DON (r = 0,61). Statistički značajna negativna korelacija ustanovljena je između sadržaja vlage i FB1 (r = -0,34), kao i između koncentracija ZON i DON mikotoksina (r = -0,58).",
publisher = "Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Moulds and mycotoxins in stored maize grains, Plesni i mikotoksini u uskladištenom kukuruzu",
volume = "29",
number = "3",
pages = "527-536",
doi = "10.2298/BAH1303527K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Lević, J., Stanković, S. Ž., Petrović, T. S., Tomić, Z., Mandić, V.,& Bijelić, Z.. (2013). Moulds and mycotoxins in stored maize grains. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade., 29(3), 527-536.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1303527K

Krnjaja V, Lević J, Stanković SŽ, Petrović TS, Tomić Z, Mandić V, Bijelić Z. Moulds and mycotoxins in stored maize grains. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2013;29(3):527-536.
doi:10.2298/BAH1303527K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Petrović, Tanja S., Tomić, Zorica, Mandić, Violeta, Bijelić, Zorica, "Moulds and mycotoxins in stored maize grains" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 29, no. 3 (2013):527-536,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1303527K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Gošić-Dondo, Snežana
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra S.
AU  - Stepanić, Ana
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/375
AB  - The frequency and incidence of A. flavus and A. niger on barley, maize, soybean, sunflower and wheat grain, the abundance of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) moths and their interaction depending on weather conditions in the 2008-2012 period were studied. Under the agroecological conditions of Serbia, the species A. niger is more frequent than A. flavus, and concerning the crop species, its frequency is highest in kernels of sunflower, than soybean, maize, barley and wheat. A. flavus was extremely dominant on all plant species in 2012 regarding its frequency: 100% on soybean, 95.3% on maize, 65.2% on barley, 57.1% on sunflower and 45.8% on wheat. Furthermore, the incidence of A. flavus was higher in 2012 than in previous years. The uncommonly high frequency and incidence of A. flavus infestation of maize grain in 2012 were caused by extremely stressful agrometeorological conditions, high temperatures and drought over the period from flowering to waxy maturity of maize. The precipitation factor (Pf = precipitation sum / average monthly temperature) showed that 2012 was extremely arid in June (Pf = 0.57), July (Pf = 1.45), August (Pf = 0.15) and September (Pf = 1.42). European corn borer (ECB) was a second factor causing intensive occurrence of A. flavus on maize grain in 2012. The maximum flight of ECB moths was recorded as early as in July (5,149) and, as a result of this, high damage and numerous injuries were detected at harvest. Those injuries were covered by visible olive-green powdery colonies typical of A. flavus. In the chronology of A. flavus occurrence, these are the first data on its very high frequency and incidence under the agroecological conditions of Serbia. As intensive infections with A. flavus were rare in the past 50 years, the level of aflatoxins in maize grain was low.
AB  - U ovom radu su analizirani učestalost i intenzitet napada A. flavus i A. niger na 180 uzoraka zrna ječma, 1138 kukuruza, 283 soje, 89 suncokreta i 79 pšenice, brojnost leptira kukuruzovog plamenca (Ostrinia nubilalis), kao i njihova interakcija u zavisnosti od meteoroloških uslova u periodu 2008-2012. U agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji vrsta A . niger je učestalija od vrste A. flavus, a u zavisnosti od biljne vrste pojavljuje se najčešće na zrnu suncokreta, zatim soje, kukuruza, ječma i pšenice. A. flavus je izuzetno bila dominantna na svim biljnim vrstama u 2012, kako po učestalosti, tako i intenzitetu napada. Ova vrsta je u 2012. godini utvrđena kod svih uzoraka soje (100%), nešto manje na zrnu kukuruza (95,3%), zatim na ječmu (65,2%) i suncokretu (57,1%) i najmanje na zrnu pšenice (45,8%). Intenzitet napada A. flavus je, također, bila veća u 2012. u poređenju sa prethodnim godinama. Neuobičajeno visoka učestalost i intenzitet napada A. flavus na zrnu kukuruza u 2012. godini bila je uslovljena izuzetno stresnim agrometeorološkim uslovima, visokim temperaturama i sušom, od cvetanja do voštane zrelosti kukuruza. Kišni faktor (Kf = suma padavina / prosečna mesečna temperatura) ukazuje da je te godine bila izuzetno aridna klima u junu (Kf = 0,57), julu (Kf = 1,45), avgustu (Kf = 0,15) i septembru (Kf = 1,42). Kukuruzov plamenac je drugi činilac koji je uslovio intenzivnu pojavu A. flavus na zrnu kukuruza u 2012. godini. Maksimalni let leptira ovog insekta utvrđen je veoma rano, posebno let druge generacije, već u julu 2012. (5.149 jediniki), a kao posledica toga u vreme berbe su utvrđena i brojna oštećenja na kojima je bio vidljiv razvoj maslinasto-zelenih praškastih kolonija koje su tipične za A. flavus. U hronologji pojave A. flavus ovo su prvi podaci o njenoj jako visokoj učestalosti i intenzitetu napada u agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji. Intenzivna pojava A. flavus je bila retka u proteklih 50 godina zbog čega je bio i nizak nivo aflatoksina u zrnu kukuruzu.
PB  - Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade / Plant Protection Society of Serbia, Belgrade
T2  - Pesticidi i fitomedicina
T1  - An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia
T1  - Intenzivna pojava vrsta roda Aspergillus kao odgovor na uslove spoljašnje sredine u Srbiji
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
SP  - 167
EP  - 179
DO  - 10.2298/PIF1303167L
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lević, Jelena and Gošić-Dondo, Snežana and Ivanović, Dragica and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Krnjaja, Vesna and Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra S. and Stepanić, Ana",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The frequency and incidence of A. flavus and A. niger on barley, maize, soybean, sunflower and wheat grain, the abundance of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) moths and their interaction depending on weather conditions in the 2008-2012 period were studied. Under the agroecological conditions of Serbia, the species A. niger is more frequent than A. flavus, and concerning the crop species, its frequency is highest in kernels of sunflower, than soybean, maize, barley and wheat. A. flavus was extremely dominant on all plant species in 2012 regarding its frequency: 100% on soybean, 95.3% on maize, 65.2% on barley, 57.1% on sunflower and 45.8% on wheat. Furthermore, the incidence of A. flavus was higher in 2012 than in previous years. The uncommonly high frequency and incidence of A. flavus infestation of maize grain in 2012 were caused by extremely stressful agrometeorological conditions, high temperatures and drought over the period from flowering to waxy maturity of maize. The precipitation factor (Pf = precipitation sum / average monthly temperature) showed that 2012 was extremely arid in June (Pf = 0.57), July (Pf = 1.45), August (Pf = 0.15) and September (Pf = 1.42). European corn borer (ECB) was a second factor causing intensive occurrence of A. flavus on maize grain in 2012. The maximum flight of ECB moths was recorded as early as in July (5,149) and, as a result of this, high damage and numerous injuries were detected at harvest. Those injuries were covered by visible olive-green powdery colonies typical of A. flavus. In the chronology of A. flavus occurrence, these are the first data on its very high frequency and incidence under the agroecological conditions of Serbia. As intensive infections with A. flavus were rare in the past 50 years, the level of aflatoxins in maize grain was low., U ovom radu su analizirani učestalost i intenzitet napada A. flavus i A. niger na 180 uzoraka zrna ječma, 1138 kukuruza, 283 soje, 89 suncokreta i 79 pšenice, brojnost leptira kukuruzovog plamenca (Ostrinia nubilalis), kao i njihova interakcija u zavisnosti od meteoroloških uslova u periodu 2008-2012. U agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji vrsta A . niger je učestalija od vrste A. flavus, a u zavisnosti od biljne vrste pojavljuje se najčešće na zrnu suncokreta, zatim soje, kukuruza, ječma i pšenice. A. flavus je izuzetno bila dominantna na svim biljnim vrstama u 2012, kako po učestalosti, tako i intenzitetu napada. Ova vrsta je u 2012. godini utvrđena kod svih uzoraka soje (100%), nešto manje na zrnu kukuruza (95,3%), zatim na ječmu (65,2%) i suncokretu (57,1%) i najmanje na zrnu pšenice (45,8%). Intenzitet napada A. flavus je, također, bila veća u 2012. u poređenju sa prethodnim godinama. Neuobičajeno visoka učestalost i intenzitet napada A. flavus na zrnu kukuruza u 2012. godini bila je uslovljena izuzetno stresnim agrometeorološkim uslovima, visokim temperaturama i sušom, od cvetanja do voštane zrelosti kukuruza. Kišni faktor (Kf = suma padavina / prosečna mesečna temperatura) ukazuje da je te godine bila izuzetno aridna klima u junu (Kf = 0,57), julu (Kf = 1,45), avgustu (Kf = 0,15) i septembru (Kf = 1,42). Kukuruzov plamenac je drugi činilac koji je uslovio intenzivnu pojavu A. flavus na zrnu kukuruza u 2012. godini. Maksimalni let leptira ovog insekta utvrđen je veoma rano, posebno let druge generacije, već u julu 2012. (5.149 jediniki), a kao posledica toga u vreme berbe su utvrđena i brojna oštećenja na kojima je bio vidljiv razvoj maslinasto-zelenih praškastih kolonija koje su tipične za A. flavus. U hronologji pojave A. flavus ovo su prvi podaci o njenoj jako visokoj učestalosti i intenzitetu napada u agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji. Intenzivna pojava A. flavus je bila retka u proteklih 50 godina zbog čega je bio i nizak nivo aflatoksina u zrnu kukuruzu.",
publisher = "Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade / Plant Protection Society of Serbia, Belgrade",
journal = "Pesticidi i fitomedicina",
title = "An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia, Intenzivna pojava vrsta roda Aspergillus kao odgovor na uslove spoljašnje sredine u Srbiji",
volume = "28",
number = "3",
pages = "167-179",
doi = "10.2298/PIF1303167L"
}

Lević, J., Gošić-Dondo, S., Ivanović, D., Stanković, S. Ž., Krnjaja, V., Bočarov-Stančić, A. S.,& Stepanić, A.. (2013). An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina
Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade / Plant Protection Society of Serbia, Belgrade., 28(3), 167-179.
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1303167L

Lević J, Gošić-Dondo S, Ivanović D, Stanković SŽ, Krnjaja V, Bočarov-Stančić AS, Stepanić A. An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina. 2013;28(3):167-179.
doi:10.2298/PIF1303167L .

Lević, Jelena, Gošić-Dondo, Snežana, Ivanović, Dragica, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Krnjaja, Vesna, Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra S., Stepanić, Ana, "An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia" in Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 28, no. 3 (2013):167-179,
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1303167L . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Vasić, Tanja
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/374
AB  - Visual assessment of phenotypes, performed when two strains of one fungal species are cultivated in a mixed culture on specific media, is known as vegetative or heterokaryotic compatibility or incompatibility test, which enables identification of fungal clones and their classification based on phylogenetic groups. Hyphae of strains that have identical alleles at all vic loci can anastomose into a form of a visible heterokaryon. Strains that divide compatible loci and can anastomose each other belong to a subpopulation termed the vegetative compatibility group (VCG), which is genetically distinguishable from other VCGs. Each VCG is specific regarding its host plant or related host groups and can, but does not have to be virulent on other hosts. Vegetative compatibility can be established in different ways, but complementary auxotrophic strains or strains formed by spontaneous mutation during nutrition, capable of forming a prototrophic heterokaryon are predominantly used. The nit mutants are considered excellent genetic markers for determination of vegetative compatibility and grouping of strains or clones of one fungus into the same or different VCGs. The ability only to determine whether strains are the same or not, but not the degree of their relatedness using VCG, is a limiting factor in analyses that could be performed. VCGs are the most efficient when they are employed to detect the presence of a specific strain in a population. This paper provides an overview of the importance of the phenomenon of vegetative compatibility. Vegetative compatibility is one of the most important genetic traits in ascomycetes by which one subpopulation can be identified as a distinct genetic group. Furthermore, the procedures for isolation, identification and determination of nit mutant phenotypes, and for identification of complementary strains and VCGs are described in detail.
AB  - Vizuelna ocena fenotipa koja se izvodi kada se dva izolata ili soja jedne vrste gljive gaje u združenim kulturama na specifičnim podlogama, poznata kao test vegetativne ili heterokarionske kompatibilnosti ili nekompatibilnosti, omogućava identifikaciju klonova gljive i njihovu klasifikaciju prema filogenetskim grupama. Hife izolata koje imaju identične alele kod svih vic lokusa mogu da anastomoziraju u oblik vidljivog heterokariona. Izolati koji dele kompatibilne lokuse i mogu da anastomoziraju jedni s drugima pripadaju subpopulaciji označenoj kao vegetativno kompatibilna grupa (VCG) koja je genetski odvojena od drugih vegetativno kompatibilnih grupa (VCGs). Svaka VCG je specifična prema biljci domaćinu ili srodnoj grupi domaćina i može ili ne mora biti virulentna na drugim domaćinima. Vegetativna kompatibilnost može biti utvrđena na različite načine, ali se najčešće koriste komplementarni auksotrofni sojevi, ili sojevi koji su nastali spontanom mutacijom tokom ishrane, a koji su sposobni da obrazuju prototrofni heterokarion. Smatra se da su nit mutanti izvrsni genetički markeri za utvrđivanje vegetativne kompatibilnosti i grupisanje sojeva ili klonova jedne vrste gljive u iste ili različite VCGs. Nesposobnost da se odredi stepen srodnosti korišćenjem VCGs, već samo da li su izolati isti ili ne, ograničava tipove analiza koje bi mogle biti postavljene. VCGs su najefikasnije kada se koriste za utvrđivanje prisustva specifičnog soja u populaciji. U radu je dat pregled značaja fenomena vegetativne kompatibilnosti, kao jedne veoma značajne genetičke osobine kod askomiceta kojom se jedna subpopulacija može identifikovati kao posebna genetička grupa. Isto tako, dat je detaljan opis postupka za izolaciju, identifikaciju i utvrđivanje fenotipa nit mutanata, kao i za identifikaciju komplementarnih sojeva i VCGs.
PB  - Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade / Plant Protection Society of Serbia, Belgrade
T2  - Pesticidi i fitomedicina
T1  - The use of vegetative compatibility tests for identification of biodiversity of phytopathogenic fungi
T1  - Primena testova vegetativne kompatibilnosti za identifikaciju biodiverziteta fitopatogenih gljiva
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
SP  - 157
EP  - 165
DO  - 10.2298/PIF1303157K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Vasić, Tanja",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Visual assessment of phenotypes, performed when two strains of one fungal species are cultivated in a mixed culture on specific media, is known as vegetative or heterokaryotic compatibility or incompatibility test, which enables identification of fungal clones and their classification based on phylogenetic groups. Hyphae of strains that have identical alleles at all vic loci can anastomose into a form of a visible heterokaryon. Strains that divide compatible loci and can anastomose each other belong to a subpopulation termed the vegetative compatibility group (VCG), which is genetically distinguishable from other VCGs. Each VCG is specific regarding its host plant or related host groups and can, but does not have to be virulent on other hosts. Vegetative compatibility can be established in different ways, but complementary auxotrophic strains or strains formed by spontaneous mutation during nutrition, capable of forming a prototrophic heterokaryon are predominantly used. The nit mutants are considered excellent genetic markers for determination of vegetative compatibility and grouping of strains or clones of one fungus into the same or different VCGs. The ability only to determine whether strains are the same or not, but not the degree of their relatedness using VCG, is a limiting factor in analyses that could be performed. VCGs are the most efficient when they are employed to detect the presence of a specific strain in a population. This paper provides an overview of the importance of the phenomenon of vegetative compatibility. Vegetative compatibility is one of the most important genetic traits in ascomycetes by which one subpopulation can be identified as a distinct genetic group. Furthermore, the procedures for isolation, identification and determination of nit mutant phenotypes, and for identification of complementary strains and VCGs are described in detail., Vizuelna ocena fenotipa koja se izvodi kada se dva izolata ili soja jedne vrste gljive gaje u združenim kulturama na specifičnim podlogama, poznata kao test vegetativne ili heterokarionske kompatibilnosti ili nekompatibilnosti, omogućava identifikaciju klonova gljive i njihovu klasifikaciju prema filogenetskim grupama. Hife izolata koje imaju identične alele kod svih vic lokusa mogu da anastomoziraju u oblik vidljivog heterokariona. Izolati koji dele kompatibilne lokuse i mogu da anastomoziraju jedni s drugima pripadaju subpopulaciji označenoj kao vegetativno kompatibilna grupa (VCG) koja je genetski odvojena od drugih vegetativno kompatibilnih grupa (VCGs). Svaka VCG je specifična prema biljci domaćinu ili srodnoj grupi domaćina i može ili ne mora biti virulentna na drugim domaćinima. Vegetativna kompatibilnost može biti utvrđena na različite načine, ali se najčešće koriste komplementarni auksotrofni sojevi, ili sojevi koji su nastali spontanom mutacijom tokom ishrane, a koji su sposobni da obrazuju prototrofni heterokarion. Smatra se da su nit mutanti izvrsni genetički markeri za utvrđivanje vegetativne kompatibilnosti i grupisanje sojeva ili klonova jedne vrste gljive u iste ili različite VCGs. Nesposobnost da se odredi stepen srodnosti korišćenjem VCGs, već samo da li su izolati isti ili ne, ograničava tipove analiza koje bi mogle biti postavljene. VCGs su najefikasnije kada se koriste za utvrđivanje prisustva specifičnog soja u populaciji. U radu je dat pregled značaja fenomena vegetativne kompatibilnosti, kao jedne veoma značajne genetičke osobine kod askomiceta kojom se jedna subpopulacija može identifikovati kao posebna genetička grupa. Isto tako, dat je detaljan opis postupka za izolaciju, identifikaciju i utvrđivanje fenotipa nit mutanata, kao i za identifikaciju komplementarnih sojeva i VCGs.",
publisher = "Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade / Plant Protection Society of Serbia, Belgrade",
journal = "Pesticidi i fitomedicina",
title = "The use of vegetative compatibility tests for identification of biodiversity of phytopathogenic fungi, Primena testova vegetativne kompatibilnosti za identifikaciju biodiverziteta fitopatogenih gljiva",
volume = "28",
number = "3",
pages = "157-165",
doi = "10.2298/PIF1303157K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Lević, J., Stanković, S. Ž.,& Vasić, T.. (2013). The use of vegetative compatibility tests for identification of biodiversity of phytopathogenic fungi. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina
Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade / Plant Protection Society of Serbia, Belgrade., 28(3), 157-165.
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1303157K

Krnjaja V, Lević J, Stanković SŽ, Vasić T. The use of vegetative compatibility tests for identification of biodiversity of phytopathogenic fungi. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina. 2013;28(3):157-165.
doi:10.2298/PIF1303157K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Vasić, Tanja, "The use of vegetative compatibility tests for identification of biodiversity of phytopathogenic fungi" in Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 28, no. 3 (2013):157-165,
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1303157K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Petrović, Tanja S.
AU  - Lukić, Miloš
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/372
AB  - Incidence of toxigenic fungi (molds) and concentration of mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and fumonisin (FB1) were studied in the maize grains collected immediately after harvesting in 2012. A total of 29 maize samples were analyzed and the highest incidence was determined for fungal species of Rhizopus (56.41%), Aspergillus (43.66%) and Fusarium (14.97%) genera. Significantly lower incidence was obtained for species of genus Penicillium (3.31%), and especially for species of genera Acremonium (1.38%), Alternaria (0.75%) and Cladosporium (0.14%). Among toxigenic fungi Aspergillus flavus (36.69%) was the most common species of Aspergillus genus, whereas the Fusarium verticillioides with 14.69% of incidence was the predominant species of Fusarium genus. In all studied maize samples, the presence of AFB1, ZON and FB1 mycotoxins was established, except for DON which was established in 75.86% samples. AFB1 was detected in average concentration of 13.95 μg kg-1 for 44.83% of samples, and average concentration higher than 40 μg kg-1 for 55.17% of samples. The average concentrations of DON which was detected was 235 μg kg-1, while it was 98.38 μg kg-1 and 3590 μg kg-1 for the presence of ZON and FB1, respectively. Moderate positive correlation was obtained between concentrations of AFB1 and FB1 (r=0.35), while weak positive correlation was established between concentrations ZON and DON (r=0.02).
AB  - Učestalost toksigenih gljiva (plesni) i koncentracija mikotoksina aflatoksina B1 (AFB1), deoksinivalenola (DON), zearalenona (ZON) i fumonizina B1 (FB1) je proučavana u uzorcima zrna kukuruza prikupljenim odmah posle berbe u 2012. godini. U ispitivanih 29 uzoraka najveću zastupljenost imaju vrste iz rodova Rhizopus (56,41%), Aspergillus (43,66%) i Fusarium (14,97%). Značajno niža učestalost ustanovljena je za vrste roda Penicillium (3.31%), a posebno za vrste iz rodova Alternaria (0,75%) i Cladosporium (0,14%). Među toksigenim vrstama, A. flavus (36,69%) je bila najučestalija vrsta iz roda Aspergillus, dok je F. verticillioides sa prisustvom od 14,69% bila dominantna vrsta roda Fusarium. U svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza ustanovljeno je prisustvo mikotoksina AFB1, ZON-a i FB1 (100%), osim DON-a koji je bio prisutan u 75,86% uzoraka. AFB1 je detektovan u prosečnoj koncentraciji od 13,95 μg kg-1 u 44,83% uzoraka i u prosečnoj koncentraciji od više od 40 μg kg-1 u 55,17% uzoraka. Prosečna koncentracija DON-a je bila 235 μg kg-1, ZON-a 98,38 μg kg-1 i FB1 3590 μg kg-1. Srednja pozitivna korelacija ustanovljena je između koncentracija AFB1 i FB1 (r=0,35), dok je slaba pozitivna korelacija utvrđena između koncentracija ZON-a i DON-a (r=0,02).
PB  - Matica srpska, Novi Sad
T2  - Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke
T1  - Molds and mycotoxins in freshly harvested maize
T1  - Plesni i mikotoksini u zrnu kukuruza posle berbe
IS  - 124
SP  - 111
EP  - 119
DO  - 10.2298/ZMSPN1324111K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Petrović, Tanja S. and Lukić, Miloš",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Incidence of toxigenic fungi (molds) and concentration of mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and fumonisin (FB1) were studied in the maize grains collected immediately after harvesting in 2012. A total of 29 maize samples were analyzed and the highest incidence was determined for fungal species of Rhizopus (56.41%), Aspergillus (43.66%) and Fusarium (14.97%) genera. Significantly lower incidence was obtained for species of genus Penicillium (3.31%), and especially for species of genera Acremonium (1.38%), Alternaria (0.75%) and Cladosporium (0.14%). Among toxigenic fungi Aspergillus flavus (36.69%) was the most common species of Aspergillus genus, whereas the Fusarium verticillioides with 14.69% of incidence was the predominant species of Fusarium genus. In all studied maize samples, the presence of AFB1, ZON and FB1 mycotoxins was established, except for DON which was established in 75.86% samples. AFB1 was detected in average concentration of 13.95 μg kg-1 for 44.83% of samples, and average concentration higher than 40 μg kg-1 for 55.17% of samples. The average concentrations of DON which was detected was 235 μg kg-1, while it was 98.38 μg kg-1 and 3590 μg kg-1 for the presence of ZON and FB1, respectively. Moderate positive correlation was obtained between concentrations of AFB1 and FB1 (r=0.35), while weak positive correlation was established between concentrations ZON and DON (r=0.02)., Učestalost toksigenih gljiva (plesni) i koncentracija mikotoksina aflatoksina B1 (AFB1), deoksinivalenola (DON), zearalenona (ZON) i fumonizina B1 (FB1) je proučavana u uzorcima zrna kukuruza prikupljenim odmah posle berbe u 2012. godini. U ispitivanih 29 uzoraka najveću zastupljenost imaju vrste iz rodova Rhizopus (56,41%), Aspergillus (43,66%) i Fusarium (14,97%). Značajno niža učestalost ustanovljena je za vrste roda Penicillium (3.31%), a posebno za vrste iz rodova Alternaria (0,75%) i Cladosporium (0,14%). Među toksigenim vrstama, A. flavus (36,69%) je bila najučestalija vrsta iz roda Aspergillus, dok je F. verticillioides sa prisustvom od 14,69% bila dominantna vrsta roda Fusarium. U svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza ustanovljeno je prisustvo mikotoksina AFB1, ZON-a i FB1 (100%), osim DON-a koji je bio prisutan u 75,86% uzoraka. AFB1 je detektovan u prosečnoj koncentraciji od 13,95 μg kg-1 u 44,83% uzoraka i u prosečnoj koncentraciji od više od 40 μg kg-1 u 55,17% uzoraka. Prosečna koncentracija DON-a je bila 235 μg kg-1, ZON-a 98,38 μg kg-1 i FB1 3590 μg kg-1. Srednja pozitivna korelacija ustanovljena je između koncentracija AFB1 i FB1 (r=0,35), dok je slaba pozitivna korelacija utvrđena između koncentracija ZON-a i DON-a (r=0,02).",
publisher = "Matica srpska, Novi Sad",
journal = "Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke",
title = "Molds and mycotoxins in freshly harvested maize, Plesni i mikotoksini u zrnu kukuruza posle berbe",
number = "124",
pages = "111-119",
doi = "10.2298/ZMSPN1324111K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Lević, J., Stanković, S. Ž., Petrović, T. S.,& Lukić, M.. (2013). Molds and mycotoxins in freshly harvested maize. in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke
Matica srpska, Novi Sad.(124), 111-119.
https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN1324111K

Krnjaja V, Lević J, Stanković SŽ, Petrović TS, Lukić M. Molds and mycotoxins in freshly harvested maize. in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke. 2013;(124):111-119.
doi:10.2298/ZMSPN1324111K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Petrović, Tanja S., Lukić, Miloš, "Molds and mycotoxins in freshly harvested maize" in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 124 (2013):111-119,
https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN1324111K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Petrović, Tanja S.
AU  - Stojanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Radović, Čedomir
AU  - Gogić, Marija
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/366
AB  - In this study the mycological and mycotoxicological contamination of maize silage samples collected from the bottom (BL), middle (ML) and top (TL) layer in the silage trench silo was studied. Mycological testing of the silage contamination showed the presence of five potential toxigenic fungi of the genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium and Rhizopus with their total number ranging from 1 to 10 x 103 CFU g-1. Also, four mycotoxins were detected as followed, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZON), deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1). Mycotoxins AFB1 and FB1 were detected as 100% positive in all the samples tested. An average concentration of AFB1 was 2.31 μg kg-1, 2.51 μg kg-1 and 2.81 μg kg-1 in BL, ML and TL respectively, while the concentration of FB1 was 1292.00 μg kg-1, 1298.00 μg kg-1 and 1902.00 μg kg-1 in BL, TL and ML respectively. Average concentration of toxin ZON in positive samples was 15.69 μg kg-1 in BL and 30.68 μg kg-1 in ML, while its presence in the samples taken from the top layer was not detected. An average concentration of DON toxin in positive samples were in the range of 41.71 μg kg-1 for TL, 79.20 μg kg-1 for ML, while it was 97.00 μg kg-1 for BL. There was no statistically significant correlation between moisture content and total number of moulds and concentrations of certain mycotoxins. However, statistically highly significant correlations between the total number of moulds and AFB1 concentration (r = 1.0), ZON (r = 0.99) and FB1 (r = 0.91) were established, while weak correlation was obtained in the case of DON and total mould counts (r = 0.54).
AB  - U radu je ispitivana mikološka i mikotoksikološka kontaminacija uzoraka silaže od zrna kukuruza sakupljenih iz donjeg (DS), srednjeg (SS) i gornjeg (GS) sloja silaže u silo-trenču. Mikološkim ispitivanjima kontaminacije silaže ustanovljeno je prisustvo pet potencijalno toksigenih rodova plesni, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium i Rhizopus sa ukupnim brojem od 1-10 x 103 CFU g- 1. Takođe, detektovana su i četiri mikotoksina kao što su aflatoksin B1 (AFB1), zearalenon (ZON), deoksinivalenol (DON) i fumonizin B1 (FB1). Mikotoksini AFB1 i FB1 detektovani su kao 100% pozitivni u svim ispitivanim uzorcima. Prosečna koncentracija AFB1 bila je 2,31 μg kg-1 za GS, 2,51 μg kg-1 za DS i 2,81 μg kg-1 za SS, dok je prosečna koncentracija FB1 bila 1292,00 μg kg-1 za DS, 1298,00 μg kg-1 za GS i 1902,00 μg kg-1 za SS. Prosečna koncentracija ZON toksina u pozitivnim uzorcima je 15,69 μg kg-1 za DS i 30,68 μg kg-1 za SS, dok njegovo prisustvo nije detektovano u uzorcima iz gornjeg sloja. Prosečna koncentracija DON toksina u pozitivnim uzorcima bila je od 41,71 μg kg-1 za GS, 79,20 μg kg-1 za SS do 97,00 μg kg-1 za DS. Nije utvrđena statistički značajna korelacija sardžaja vlage sa ukupnim brojem plesni i koncentracijom pojedinih mikotoksina. Međutim, utvrđena je statistički veoma značajna korelacija između ukupnog broja plesni i koncentracije AFB1 (r = 1,0), ZON (r = 0,99) i FB1 (r = 0,91), a nešto manja u slučaju DON i ukupnog broja plesni (r = 0,54).
PB  - Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Distribution of moulds and mycotoxins in maize grain silage in the trench silo
T1  - Distribucija plesni i mikotoksina u silaži od zrna kukuruza u silo-trenču
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
SP  - 845
EP  - 854
DO  - 10.2298/BAH1204845K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Petrović, Tanja S. and Stojanović, Ljiljana and Radović, Čedomir and Gogić, Marija",
year = "2012",
abstract = "In this study the mycological and mycotoxicological contamination of maize silage samples collected from the bottom (BL), middle (ML) and top (TL) layer in the silage trench silo was studied. Mycological testing of the silage contamination showed the presence of five potential toxigenic fungi of the genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium and Rhizopus with their total number ranging from 1 to 10 x 103 CFU g-1. Also, four mycotoxins were detected as followed, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZON), deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1). Mycotoxins AFB1 and FB1 were detected as 100% positive in all the samples tested. An average concentration of AFB1 was 2.31 μg kg-1, 2.51 μg kg-1 and 2.81 μg kg-1 in BL, ML and TL respectively, while the concentration of FB1 was 1292.00 μg kg-1, 1298.00 μg kg-1 and 1902.00 μg kg-1 in BL, TL and ML respectively. Average concentration of toxin ZON in positive samples was 15.69 μg kg-1 in BL and 30.68 μg kg-1 in ML, while its presence in the samples taken from the top layer was not detected. An average concentration of DON toxin in positive samples were in the range of 41.71 μg kg-1 for TL, 79.20 μg kg-1 for ML, while it was 97.00 μg kg-1 for BL. There was no statistically significant correlation between moisture content and total number of moulds and concentrations of certain mycotoxins. However, statistically highly significant correlations between the total number of moulds and AFB1 concentration (r = 1.0), ZON (r = 0.99) and FB1 (r = 0.91) were established, while weak correlation was obtained in the case of DON and total mould counts (r = 0.54)., U radu je ispitivana mikološka i mikotoksikološka kontaminacija uzoraka silaže od zrna kukuruza sakupljenih iz donjeg (DS), srednjeg (SS) i gornjeg (GS) sloja silaže u silo-trenču. Mikološkim ispitivanjima kontaminacije silaže ustanovljeno je prisustvo pet potencijalno toksigenih rodova plesni, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium i Rhizopus sa ukupnim brojem od 1-10 x 103 CFU g- 1. Takođe, detektovana su i četiri mikotoksina kao što su aflatoksin B1 (AFB1), zearalenon (ZON), deoksinivalenol (DON) i fumonizin B1 (FB1). Mikotoksini AFB1 i FB1 detektovani su kao 100% pozitivni u svim ispitivanim uzorcima. Prosečna koncentracija AFB1 bila je 2,31 μg kg-1 za GS, 2,51 μg kg-1 za DS i 2,81 μg kg-1 za SS, dok je prosečna koncentracija FB1 bila 1292,00 μg kg-1 za DS, 1298,00 μg kg-1 za GS i 1902,00 μg kg-1 za SS. Prosečna koncentracija ZON toksina u pozitivnim uzorcima je 15,69 μg kg-1 za DS i 30,68 μg kg-1 za SS, dok njegovo prisustvo nije detektovano u uzorcima iz gornjeg sloja. Prosečna koncentracija DON toksina u pozitivnim uzorcima bila je od 41,71 μg kg-1 za GS, 79,20 μg kg-1 za SS do 97,00 μg kg-1 za DS. Nije utvrđena statistički značajna korelacija sardžaja vlage sa ukupnim brojem plesni i koncentracijom pojedinih mikotoksina. Međutim, utvrđena je statistički veoma značajna korelacija između ukupnog broja plesni i koncentracije AFB1 (r = 1,0), ZON (r = 0,99) i FB1 (r = 0,91), a nešto manja u slučaju DON i ukupnog broja plesni (r = 0,54).",
publisher = "Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Distribution of moulds and mycotoxins in maize grain silage in the trench silo, Distribucija plesni i mikotoksina u silaži od zrna kukuruza u silo-trenču",
volume = "28",
number = "4",
pages = "845-854",
doi = "10.2298/BAH1204845K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Lević, J., Stanković, S. Ž., Petrović, T. S., Stojanović, L., Radović, Č.,& Gogić, M.. (2012). Distribution of moulds and mycotoxins in maize grain silage in the trench silo. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade., 28(4), 845-854.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1204845K

Krnjaja V, Lević J, Stanković SŽ, Petrović TS, Stojanović L, Radović Č, Gogić M. Distribution of moulds and mycotoxins in maize grain silage in the trench silo. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2012;28(4):845-854.
doi:10.2298/BAH1204845K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Petrović, Tanja S., Stojanović, Ljiljana, Radović, Čedomir, Gogić, Marija, "Distribution of moulds and mycotoxins in maize grain silage in the trench silo" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 28, no. 4 (2012):845-854,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1204845K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra S.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/315
AB  - The present study describes the developed filter layer method for the consistent determination and identification of the natural occurrence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris in maize roots. The field experiment was set up to establish the applicability, accuracy and efficiency of this method for the pathogen isolation from roots of maize grown under different agroecological conditions. According to this method, the 10- to 15-mm long tissue sections, mainly cut at the margin of lesions developed in roots, were placed on two layers of moisten filter paper in Petri dishes and incubated for 6-7 days under laboratory conditions, 25 +/- 2 degrees C and daylight. The unique reddish-purple (beet-red) pigmentation was used as an indicator of the fungal incidence in infected roots, which facilitated a succeeding confirmation of the pathogen on PDA at 25 degrees C in the dark and on CLA in the alternating 12 h light (fluorescent and near-ultraviolet light)/12 h dark conditions. Obtained results showed that the filter layer method was very effective for the P. terrestris detection and that it could be applied for a rapid assessment of response of maize genotypes, environmental and seasonal effects on the fungal growth on roots and the fungal distribution. Advantages of this method for the detection and quantification of P. terrestris in relation to the methods described in the literature include: a) low investments, because many root samples can be tested immediately at the same time; b) results can be obtained rapidly (6-7 days after sampling); and c) minimal interference by other fungi or bacteria. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Crop Protection
T1  - Simple and efficient method for detection and identification of Pyrenochaeta terrestris on maize root
VL  - 38
SP  - 66
EP  - 71
DO  - 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.03.015
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Krnjaja, Vesna and Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra S.",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The present study describes the developed filter layer method for the consistent determination and identification of the natural occurrence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris in maize roots. The field experiment was set up to establish the applicability, accuracy and efficiency of this method for the pathogen isolation from roots of maize grown under different agroecological conditions. According to this method, the 10- to 15-mm long tissue sections, mainly cut at the margin of lesions developed in roots, were placed on two layers of moisten filter paper in Petri dishes and incubated for 6-7 days under laboratory conditions, 25 +/- 2 degrees C and daylight. The unique reddish-purple (beet-red) pigmentation was used as an indicator of the fungal incidence in infected roots, which facilitated a succeeding confirmation of the pathogen on PDA at 25 degrees C in the dark and on CLA in the alternating 12 h light (fluorescent and near-ultraviolet light)/12 h dark conditions. Obtained results showed that the filter layer method was very effective for the P. terrestris detection and that it could be applied for a rapid assessment of response of maize genotypes, environmental and seasonal effects on the fungal growth on roots and the fungal distribution. Advantages of this method for the detection and quantification of P. terrestris in relation to the methods described in the literature include: a) low investments, because many root samples can be tested immediately at the same time; b) results can be obtained rapidly (6-7 days after sampling); and c) minimal interference by other fungi or bacteria. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Crop Protection",
title = "Simple and efficient method for detection and identification of Pyrenochaeta terrestris on maize root",
volume = "38",
pages = "66-71",
doi = "10.1016/j.cropro.2012.03.015"
}

Lević, J., Stanković, S. Ž., Krnjaja, V.,& Bočarov-Stančić, A. S.. (2012). Simple and efficient method for detection and identification of Pyrenochaeta terrestris on maize root. in Crop Protection
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 38, 66-71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.03.015

Lević J, Stanković SŽ, Krnjaja V, Bočarov-Stančić AS. Simple and efficient method for detection and identification of Pyrenochaeta terrestris on maize root. in Crop Protection. 2012;38:66-71.
doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2012.03.015 .

Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Krnjaja, Vesna, Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra S., "Simple and efficient method for detection and identification of Pyrenochaeta terrestris on maize root" in Crop Protection, 38 (2012):66-71,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.03.015 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica Ž.
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Tančić, Sonja L.
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
AU  - Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra S.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://r.istocar.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/312
AB  - The frequency and incidence of fungi, as well as their interdependence, on rachis and grain of 14 wheat cultivars grown under 19 different agroecological conditions in Serbia, were studied. Out of the 23 identified fungal genera, a significantly higher number of species was isolated and identified from rachides (22) than from kernels of wheat (9). Fusarium and Alternaria species were the most frequent (up to 100 %) species on both, rachides and kernels, but the incidence of these fungi were higher on rachides than on kernels. The most frequent of the 14 Fusarium species were F. graminearum (96.8 % on both, rachides and kernels) and F. poae (93.8 % on rachides and 51.6 % on kernels). The frequency of F. verticillioides was significantly higher on rachides (64.5 %) than on kernels (19.4 %). A positive correlation (r = 0.5356 **) was established between the frequency of F. graminearum on rachides and on kernels. Furthermore, the frequency of Alternaria spp. was also statistically higher on rachides than on kernels, but the correlation was not statistically significant (r = 0.1729). The incidence of F. graminearum was negatively correlated with the incidence of Alternaria species in both, rachides (r = -0.3783 *) and kernels (r = -0.4863 **). These are the first data on the frequency and incidence of fungi on wheat rachides in Serbia, and they support the few data presented in the world literature. Results of this research could be useful for better understanding of pathways in a fungal infection and the improvement of wheat breeding for resistance, as well as, a proper application of fungicides in the wheat head protection.
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - European Journal of Plant Pathology
T1  - Relationships of mycobiota on rachides and kernels of wheat
VL  - 134
IS  - 2
SP  - 249
EP  - 256
DO  - 10.1007/s10658-012-9982-8
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica Ž. and Krnjaja, Vesna and Tančić, Sonja L. and Ivanović, Dragica and Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra S.",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The frequency and incidence of fungi, as well as their interdependence, on rachis and grain of 14 wheat cultivars grown under 19 different agroecological conditions in Serbia, were studied. Out of the 23 identified fungal genera, a significantly higher number of species was isolated and identified from rachides (22) than from kernels of wheat (9). Fusarium and Alternaria species were the most frequent (up to 100 %) species on both, rachides and kernels, but the incidence of these fungi were higher on rachides than on kernels. The most frequent of the 14 Fusarium species were F. graminearum (96.8 % on both, rachides and kernels) and F. poae (93.8 % on rachides and 51.6 % on kernels). The frequency of F. verticillioides was significantly higher on rachides (64.5 %) than on kernels (19.4 %). A positive correlation (r = 0.5356 **) was established between the frequency of F. graminearum on rachides and on kernels. Furthermore, the frequency of Alternaria spp. was also statistically higher on rachides than on kernels, but the correlation was not statistically significant (r = 0.1729). The incidence of F. graminearum was negatively correlated with the incidence of Alternaria species in both, rachides (r = -0.3783 *) and kernels (r = -0.4863 **). These are the first data on the frequency and incidence of fungi on wheat rachides in Serbia, and they support the few data presented in the world literature. Results of this research could be useful for better understanding of pathways in a fungal infection and the improvement of wheat breeding for resistance, as well as, a proper application of fungicides in the wheat head protection.",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "European Journal of Plant Pathology",
title = "Relationships of mycobiota on rachides and kernels of wheat",
volume = "134",
number = "2",
pages = "249-256",
doi = "10.1007/s10658-012-9982-8"
}

Lević, J., Stanković, S. Ž., Krnjaja, V., Tančić, S. L., Ivanović, D.,& Bočarov-Stančić, A. S.. (2012). Relationships of mycobiota on rachides and kernels of wheat. in European Journal of Plant Pathology
Springer, Dordrecht., 134(2), 249-256.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-9982-8

Lević J, Stanković SŽ, Krnjaja V, Tančić SL, Ivanović D, Bočarov-Stančić AS. Relationships of mycobiota on rachides and kernels of wheat. in European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2012;134(2):249-256.
doi:10.1007/s10658-012-9982-8 .

Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica Ž., Krnjaja, Vesna, Tančić, Sonja L., Ivanović, Dragica, Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra S., "Relationships of mycobiota on rachides and kernels of wheat" in European Journal of Plant Pathology, 134, no. 2 (2012):249-256,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-9982-8 . .